ITP PART 2

100問 • 2年前

Althea Fiona Amadeo

通報

問題一覧

receives meaningless auditory sensations in the form of neural impulses

Auditory Association Area

Receptors for taste

Taste buds

Informs us about our bodies' positions and motions relative to gravity

Kinesthetic Sense

Applies only to low pitched sounds

Frequency Theory

Refers to how manu sound waves occure within a second

Frequency

Heigh, distance of sound waves from top to bottom

Amplitude

includes pressure, temperature and pain

Touch

transforms nerve impulses into sensations of touch, temperature and pain

Somatosensory Cortex

Some intervention that resembles a therapy when in fact has no medical effects

Placebo

A change in person's illness that is due to beliefs or expectations

Placebo Effect

neither the researchers nor particupant who is receiving the treatment

Double - blind procedure

Says that nonpaonful nerve impulses competes qith pain impulses trying to reach the brain

Gate Control Theory

Caused by wax in auditory canal

Conduction Deafness

acaused by damage to auditory Receptors (hair cells)

Neural Deafness

Auditory receptor

Hair cells

Is a point above which a stimulus is perceived and below is not perceived

Threshold

Is the minimum amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect at least 50% of the time

Absolute Threshold

Has an amount of stimulus energy that is velow a person's absolute threshold and a person is not conciously ware of stimulus

Subliminal Stimulus

Refers to the increase and decrease in the intensity of stimulus that is able to detect 50% of the time

Just Noticeable Difference

Perception is gyided bu previous knowlege to recognize the whole pattern

Top - down Processing

a perception begins with bits and pieces of info that is combined will lead to whole pattern

Bottom - up Processing

We tend to distinguished a figure and a groung

Figure - Ground Rule

We group together elements that appear similar

Similarity Rule

We tend to fill in missing parts of figure yo see it complete

Closure Rule

We tend to favor smooth or contious paths when interpreting a series of points pr lines

Continuity Rule

Refers to our tendency to perceive sizes, shapes, brightbess and colors as the same even though it is constantly changing

Perceptual Constancy

Refers to our tendency to perceive objects remaining the same in zsize but are constantly cahnging

Size constancy

The same shape even though it is changing

Shape constancy

Same brightness but are changing

Brightness Constancy

Perceive colors as the same but are changing

Color constancy

Is the ability of the eye and brain to a third dimension depth

Depth Perception

Depend o the movement of both two eyes

Binocular Depth Cues

binocular depth cue based on signals sent from muscles to turn the eyes

Convergence

binocular depth cue that depends on the distance bet the eyes. The differebce bet. left and right eye

Retinal Disparity

Are produced by signals from a single eye

Monocular depth cues

Monocular depth cue that lines converge

Linear Perspective

Monucular depth cur that comes in play when objects overlap

Interposition

Monucular depth cue that bright lit objects appear closer and shadows far away

Light and shadow

Monucular depth cues that areas with shapr detailed texture are interpreted as being closor

Texture Gradient

Are persuasive pressures that encourage members to confirn shared behaviors

Cultural Influences

Perceptual experience in which drawing seems to defy basic geometric laws

Impossible figure

Are learned expectations

Perceptual sets

involve having strong beliefs about changing behavior and then acting unknowingly to change that behavior

Self - fulfilling Prophecies

Mind over Matter

Psychokinesis

The ability to foretell events

Precognition

Perceive events that are out of sight

Clairvoyance

The ability to transfer one's thoughts, read thoughts of others

Telapathy

is a group of psychic experiences

Extrasensory Perception

Marked by a difficulty to recognize faces

Prosopagnosia

Any stimulus or object that actually moves in space

Real Motion

Illusion that a stimulus is moving in space but is stationary

Apparent Motion

A perceptual exeperience of being inside an object stimulated by computer

Virtual Reality

is the experience of fatigue , lack of cobcentration and reduced cognitive skills

Jet Lag

Regulates eating patrerns in people and animals

Food - entrainable Circadian Clock

Nondeclarative Memory, learning without awareness

Implicit

results from using any number of meditation to produce awareness that differs from bornal consciousness

Altered State of Consciousness

Requires low - levl of awareness and happens in Automatic Process fantasizing while awake

Daydreaming

Unique state of consciousness that allows us to have senses while we are asleep

Dreaming

Requires full awareness/attention

Controlled Processes

Requires minimal / little awareness or attention

Automatic Processes

Consist of five different stages that has different level of awareness

Sleep

Hormone secreted in pituitory gland that are responsible for sleeping

Melatonin

Sophisticated biological clock that regulates circadian rhytms and regulates the secretion of melatonin

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

are distinctive changes in the brain activity of the brajn accompanying phsiological responses as you pass the phases of sleep

Stages of sleep

you spend 80% of your sleep time

Non -REM sleep

Remaining 20% of your sleep

REM sleep

The deepest stage of sleep

Stage 4

Stage where the presence of delata waves are present

Stage 3

Marks of beginning of sleep, sleep spindles

Stage 2

From wakefulness to sleep (alpha waves(

Stage 1

qhich usually occurs in older people such as fighting off atttackers

REM Behavior Disorder

refers to individual spending an increased percentage of time in REM sleep if they are deproved from doing it

REM rebound

Acts as a master switch for sleep that when secrets GABA, you'll be awake

Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus

A column of cell that stretches length of brain stem, arouses and alerts the forebrain. it is turned off to sleep

Reticular Formation

is a pattern of depressive symptoms

Seasonal Affective Disorder

suggests sleep evolved because it prevented early humans and animals from wasting energy and exposing themselves to the dangers of nocturnal predators

Adaptive Theory

refers to feeling some positive or negative emotion, such as happiness, fear, or anxiety, when experiencing a stimulus that initially accompanied a pleasant or painful event.

Conditioned Emotional Response

refers to a kind of learning in which the consequences that follow some behavior increase or decrease the likelihood of that behavior’s occurrence in the future

Operant Conditioning

ia kind of learning that involves mental processes, such as attention and memory; may be learned through observation or imitation; and may not involve any external rewards or require the person to perform any observable behaviors.

Cognitive Learning

is a kind of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to produce a response that was originally produced by a different stimulus

Classical Conditioning

Also called Classical Conditioning

Conditioned Reflex

refers to associating a particular sensory cue (smell, taste, sound, or sight) with getting sick and thereafter avoiding that particular sensory cue in the future.

Taste Aversion Learning

refers to the usefulness of certain abilities or traits that have evolved in animals and humans and tend to increase their chances of survival, such as finding food, acquiring mates, and avoiding pain and injury

Adaptive Value

is the tendency for a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response. Usually, the more similar the new stimulus is to the original conditioned stimulus, the larger will be the conditioned response.

Generalization

refers to a procedure in which a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus and, as a result, the conditioned stimulus tends to no longer elicit the conditioned response.

Extinction

occurs during classical conditioning when an organism learns to make a particular response to some stimuli but not to others.

Discrimination

is the tendency for the conditioned response to reappear after being extinguished even though there have been no further conditioning trials.

Spontaneous Recovery

is a relatively enduring or permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from previous experience with certain stimuli and responses.

Learning

usually occurs in stage 3 or 4 (delta sleep) and consists of getting up and walking while literally sound asleep.

Sleepwalking

is an excessive buildup of protein called amyloid that gradually destroy neurons

Alzhiemer's Disease

SAYS THAT we have a “censor” that protects us from realizing threatening and unconscious desires or wishes, especially those involving sex or aggression.

Freud's Theory of dreams

hidden elemnt of dream a person dreams unaware

Latent Content

Portion of dream that person remembers

Manifest Content

refers to difficulties in either going to sleep or staying asleep through the night.

Insomnia

suggests that activities during the day deplete key factors in our brain or body that are replenished or repaired by sleep. The repair theory says that sleep is primarily a restorative process

Repair Theory

Excessive sleeping

Narcolepsy

repeated periods of sleep where a person stops breathing for ten seconds

Sleep Apnea

Says that classical conditioning occurs because two stimuli are paired close together i. time

Contiguity Theory

An organism learns what to expect

Cognitive Perspective

100

means that a neural bond or association are forned in the brain bet. the neutral stimulus (tone) and unconditioned stimulus (food)

Stimulus Substitution

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33問 • 2年前

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問題一覧

receives meaningless auditory sensations in the form of neural impulses

Auditory Association Area

Receptors for taste

Taste buds

Informs us about our bodies' positions and motions relative to gravity

Kinesthetic Sense

Applies only to low pitched sounds

Frequency Theory

Refers to how manu sound waves occure within a second

Frequency

Heigh, distance of sound waves from top to bottom

Amplitude

includes pressure, temperature and pain

Touch

transforms nerve impulses into sensations of touch, temperature and pain

Somatosensory Cortex

Some intervention that resembles a therapy when in fact has no medical effects

Placebo

A change in person's illness that is due to beliefs or expectations

Placebo Effect

neither the researchers nor particupant who is receiving the treatment

Double - blind procedure

Says that nonpaonful nerve impulses competes qith pain impulses trying to reach the brain

Gate Control Theory

Caused by wax in auditory canal

Conduction Deafness

acaused by damage to auditory Receptors (hair cells)

Neural Deafness

Auditory receptor

Hair cells

Is a point above which a stimulus is perceived and below is not perceived

Threshold

Is the minimum amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect at least 50% of the time

Absolute Threshold

Has an amount of stimulus energy that is velow a person's absolute threshold and a person is not conciously ware of stimulus

Subliminal Stimulus

Refers to the increase and decrease in the intensity of stimulus that is able to detect 50% of the time

Just Noticeable Difference

Perception is gyided bu previous knowlege to recognize the whole pattern

Top - down Processing

a perception begins with bits and pieces of info that is combined will lead to whole pattern

Bottom - up Processing

We tend to distinguished a figure and a groung

Figure - Ground Rule

We group together elements that appear similar

Similarity Rule

We tend to fill in missing parts of figure yo see it complete

Closure Rule

We tend to favor smooth or contious paths when interpreting a series of points pr lines

Continuity Rule

Refers to our tendency to perceive sizes, shapes, brightbess and colors as the same even though it is constantly changing

Perceptual Constancy

Refers to our tendency to perceive objects remaining the same in zsize but are constantly cahnging

Size constancy

The same shape even though it is changing

Shape constancy

Same brightness but are changing

Brightness Constancy

Perceive colors as the same but are changing

Color constancy

Is the ability of the eye and brain to a third dimension depth

Depth Perception

Depend o the movement of both two eyes

Binocular Depth Cues

binocular depth cue based on signals sent from muscles to turn the eyes

Convergence

binocular depth cue that depends on the distance bet the eyes. The differebce bet. left and right eye

Retinal Disparity

Are produced by signals from a single eye

Monocular depth cues

Monocular depth cue that lines converge

Linear Perspective

Monucular depth cur that comes in play when objects overlap

Interposition

Monucular depth cue that bright lit objects appear closer and shadows far away

Light and shadow

Monucular depth cues that areas with shapr detailed texture are interpreted as being closor

Texture Gradient

Are persuasive pressures that encourage members to confirn shared behaviors

Cultural Influences

Perceptual experience in which drawing seems to defy basic geometric laws

Impossible figure

Are learned expectations

Perceptual sets

involve having strong beliefs about changing behavior and then acting unknowingly to change that behavior

Self - fulfilling Prophecies

Mind over Matter

Psychokinesis

The ability to foretell events

Precognition

Perceive events that are out of sight

Clairvoyance

The ability to transfer one's thoughts, read thoughts of others

Telapathy

is a group of psychic experiences

Extrasensory Perception

Marked by a difficulty to recognize faces

Prosopagnosia

Any stimulus or object that actually moves in space

Real Motion

Illusion that a stimulus is moving in space but is stationary

Apparent Motion

A perceptual exeperience of being inside an object stimulated by computer

Virtual Reality

is the experience of fatigue , lack of cobcentration and reduced cognitive skills

Jet Lag

Regulates eating patrerns in people and animals

Food - entrainable Circadian Clock

Nondeclarative Memory, learning without awareness

Implicit

results from using any number of meditation to produce awareness that differs from bornal consciousness

Altered State of Consciousness

Requires low - levl of awareness and happens in Automatic Process fantasizing while awake

Daydreaming

Unique state of consciousness that allows us to have senses while we are asleep

Dreaming

Requires full awareness/attention

Controlled Processes

Requires minimal / little awareness or attention

Automatic Processes

Consist of five different stages that has different level of awareness

Sleep

Hormone secreted in pituitory gland that are responsible for sleeping

Melatonin

Sophisticated biological clock that regulates circadian rhytms and regulates the secretion of melatonin

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

are distinctive changes in the brain activity of the brajn accompanying phsiological responses as you pass the phases of sleep

Stages of sleep

you spend 80% of your sleep time

Non -REM sleep

Remaining 20% of your sleep

REM sleep

The deepest stage of sleep

Stage 4

Stage where the presence of delata waves are present

Stage 3

Marks of beginning of sleep, sleep spindles

Stage 2

From wakefulness to sleep (alpha waves(

Stage 1

qhich usually occurs in older people such as fighting off atttackers

REM Behavior Disorder

refers to individual spending an increased percentage of time in REM sleep if they are deproved from doing it

REM rebound

Acts as a master switch for sleep that when secrets GABA, you'll be awake

Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus

A column of cell that stretches length of brain stem, arouses and alerts the forebrain. it is turned off to sleep

Reticular Formation

is a pattern of depressive symptoms

Seasonal Affective Disorder

suggests sleep evolved because it prevented early humans and animals from wasting energy and exposing themselves to the dangers of nocturnal predators

Adaptive Theory

refers to feeling some positive or negative emotion, such as happiness, fear, or anxiety, when experiencing a stimulus that initially accompanied a pleasant or painful event.

Conditioned Emotional Response

refers to a kind of learning in which the consequences that follow some behavior increase or decrease the likelihood of that behavior’s occurrence in the future

Operant Conditioning

Cognitive Learning

is a kind of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to produce a response that was originally produced by a different stimulus

Classical Conditioning

Also called Classical Conditioning

Conditioned Reflex

refers to associating a particular sensory cue (smell, taste, sound, or sight) with getting sick and thereafter avoiding that particular sensory cue in the future.

Taste Aversion Learning

Adaptive Value

Generalization

Extinction

occurs during classical conditioning when an organism learns to make a particular response to some stimuli but not to others.

Discrimination

is the tendency for the conditioned response to reappear after being extinguished even though there have been no further conditioning trials.

Spontaneous Recovery

is a relatively enduring or permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from previous experience with certain stimuli and responses.

Learning

usually occurs in stage 3 or 4 (delta sleep) and consists of getting up and walking while literally sound asleep.

Sleepwalking

is an excessive buildup of protein called amyloid that gradually destroy neurons

Alzhiemer's Disease

SAYS THAT we have a “censor” that protects us from realizing threatening and unconscious desires or wishes, especially those involving sex or aggression.

Freud's Theory of dreams

hidden elemnt of dream a person dreams unaware

Latent Content

Portion of dream that person remembers

Manifest Content

refers to difficulties in either going to sleep or staying asleep through the night.

Insomnia

suggests that activities during the day deplete key factors in our brain or body that are replenished or repaired by sleep. The repair theory says that sleep is primarily a restorative process

Repair Theory

Excessive sleeping

Narcolepsy

repeated periods of sleep where a person stops breathing for ten seconds

Sleep Apnea

Says that classical conditioning occurs because two stimuli are paired close together i. time

Contiguity Theory

An organism learns what to expect

Cognitive Perspective

100

means that a neural bond or association are forned in the brain bet. the neutral stimulus (tone) and unconditioned stimulus (food)

Stimulus Substitution