扁桃腺

咽頭

喉頭蓋

喉頭

気管

胸膜

細気管支

肺胞

横隔膜

alveol/o

bronch/o

bronchiol/o

cyan/o

laryng/o

nas/o

rhin/o

pharyng/o

phren/o

pneumon/o

pulmon/o

Deficiency of oxygen in the blood and increase in carbon dioxide in blood and tissues. Major sign is a complete absence of breathing, leading to loss of consciousness or death.

Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction.

Collapsed lung (ATEL/O means incomplete, and -ECTASIS indicates dilation or expansion).

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.Along with chronic bronchitis, emphysema is a type ofchronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Spitting up of blood.

Blood from the respiratory tract in the pleural cavity (space between the pleural membranes).

Abnormal condition of dust (CONI/O) in the lungs.

Abnormal condition of the lungs marked by inflammation and collection of infected material in air sacs (pus or products of the inflammatory reaction).

Infectious and inflammatory disease caused by bacteria (bacilli).The lungs and other organs are affected. Signs and symptoms are cough, weight loss, night sweats, hemoptysis, and pleuritic pain.

Visual examination of the bronchial tubes with an endoscope.

X-ray image of the chest in an AP (anteroposterior), PA (posteroanterior), or lateral (side) view.

Cross-sectional x-ray images of the chest.

Visual examination of the larynx via the placement of a flexible tube (laryngoscope) through the nose or mouth and into the larynx.

Magnetic waves and radiofrequency waves create images of the chest in three planes of the body.

X-ray images are taken of the blood vessels in the lung after injection of contrast into a blood vessel. This procedure has been largely replaced by computed tomography (CT of the lungs).

Measurement of the ventilation (breathing capability) of the lungs. A spirometer measures the air taken into and breathed out of the lungs.

Examination of mucus coughed up from a patient's lungs to detect infection.

Agents are applied to the skin with punctures or injection and the reaction is noted. Redness and swelling result in people sensitive to the test substance and indicate previous or current infection with tuberculosis.

A nuclear medicine test that uses radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) to examine airflow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion)in the lungs.

Tube is placed through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish an airway during surgery and for placement on a respirator (a machine that moves air into and out of the lungs).

Needle is inserted through the skin between the ribs and into the pleural space to drain a pleural effusion.

Incision of the chest to remove a lung (pneumonectomy) or a portion of a lung (lobectomy).

Creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck and the insertion of a tube to create an airway.

ABG

ARDS

COPD

CPAP

CPR

PE

PFT

URI

SOB

bluish discoloration of the skin due to deficient oxygen in the blood

discharge from the nose

inflammation of the pharynx (throat)

pertaining to the diaphragm

inflammation of the tonsils

inflammation of the trachea