enable users to plan, organize and track tasks, resources, timelines and deliverables throughout the life cycle

ongoing effort to enhance products, services/processes through incremental and breakthrough improvements

applying lessons learned from previous projects to improve oitcomes

KPIs stands for?

quantifiable measure of performance overtime for a specific objective

provides targets for teams to shoot for

used by individuals and organizations to evaluate their success at reaching critical tagets

use these when you need to track process towards a goal over a specific period of time

measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company is achieving key business objectives

a quantifiable measure used to track and assess the status of a specific process

in data context, these are numbers/values that can be summed/averages

clear and concise framework that embraces every element of the operations on an organization not least QUALITY MANAGEMENT (fosters culture of constant, ongoing improvements)

specifications/styles that are widely accepted by users and adopted by several vendors

critical to the compatibility of hardware, software or anything in between

enable essential elements of a computer and related infrastructure to work together

internally agreed set of standards for software testing that can be used within any software development life cycle

by implementing these, you will be adopting the only internationally-recognized and agreed standards for software testing, providing high-quality approach to testing of your organization

ISO/IEC-1,2,3,4,5

titled "Systems and software engineering-Software and System Quality Requirements and Evaluation(SQuaRE) -system6and software quality models

quality in use model composed of characteristics that relate to the outcome of interaction when a peodu6is used in a particular context of use

globally recognized standard for quality management systems(QMS)

while not specific to software development, the key principles of this can help software organizations improve their processes, etc.

MISTAKE for C/C++

makes sure the code is clean and safe

provides framework for test documentation

rules to make sure software protectsuser data and follows laws

involves human testers interacting with the software under test to identify defects and ensure functionality

has a vital role in uncovering issues in areas like human judgement and intuition

Examples of Manual Testing(4)

dynamic and flexible approach where testers are encouraged to explore the software freely

emphasizes learning and adaptation, allowing testers to adjust their testing strategies based on observations and/or insights

focuses on external behavior of the software without considering it's internal structure/code

involves examining the software's internal structure and code to verify it's logic, flow and implementation

testers have access to the source code and use their knowledge to programming languages to design test codes

testers have some knowledge of the software's internal structure and code, but don't have full access to the source code

use their knowledge on specific areas of the software

utilize specialized tools to execute test cases automatically, reducing the need for manual intervention and accelerating test processes

effective for repetitive tasks, regression and performance testing

Examples of Automated Testing

widely-used open-source framework for automating web browser interactions

allows testers to create scripts like clicking buttons, filling forms and navigating web pages to simulate user actions

provides an approach for writing and executing unit tests

powerful testing framework for Java, designed to simplify and enhance the process of writing and running tests

fundamental practice in software development, focusing on testing individual code units in isolation

aims to verify that each unit of code performs it's intended function correctly and meets specific requirements

focuses on verifying the interactions and interfaces between integrated components/systems

comprehensive testing phase that evaluates the entire integrated software application

type of software testing that ensures recent code changes does not affect the existing functionality

evaluate how a system behaves and performs under various conditions

primary goal:to ensure software applications meet certain performance criteria (speed, responsiveness, scalability, stability)

crucial for identifying potential bottlenecks and ensures a system can handle expected traffic/usage levels

Examples of Performance Testing

how system performs under normal and peak load conditions

helps identify the maximum operating capacity of an application

pushing the system beyond its limits to identify the breaking point and how it recovers from the failure

process of evaluating a system/application to ensure that it's secure from potential threats, vulnerabiliry and risks that could lead to unauthorized access, data breaches or system malfunctions

Examples of Security Testing

simulates real-world attacks on a system to identify security weaknesses

often performed manually/with automated tools

sends random/unexpected data to a system to identify potential vulnerabilities like buffer overflows, crashes or data leaks

developers write tests before coding

ensures the code is reliable and meets requirements

collaboration between developers, testers and stakeholders

helps create automated tests based on user-expectations-ensuring final product meets requirements

design based on user needs and feedback

helps tailor solutions to real user problems

observe real users interacting with the software to spot issues

identifies pain points and improve usability

experts review the interface using established usability principles

evaluates consistency, feedback and error prevention

ensure the software is usable for people with disabilities

compares 2 product versions with users

improves decision-making with real user input

gather feedback from user groups

provides insight to iser needs and perspectives

key step in software testing where real users try out the software in real-life situations

confirm everything is functional

final testing phase performed by end-users to validates thta the system meets their needs

performed in-house by the development team and internal testers(including quality assurance staff)

one of the 1st phases of testing aimed at identifying bugs and issues early in the development process

releasing the software to a selected group of real users outside the organization

goal:identify remaining bugs, usability issues and improvements needed

systems are developed according to the agreed-upon requirements and protects both the client and provider

tests only the parts of the provider's behavior that the consumer actually uses

provider tests that it's system behaves according to the contract

test that demonstrates correct operation of system's functions as specified within the contract

for newly manufactured system

purpose:ensure that the machine/system meets the requirements that were ordered by the customer

conditions that must be met for formal project approval

ensuring legal and regulatory adherence

ensure compliance with relevant laws, regulations and standards

prevents legal issues and potential fines

maintains public trust

product operates within legal boundaries