A series of interconnected of interfaced cracks caused by fatigue failure of the asphalt concrete surface under repeated traffic loading

The height between the trough and the crest of a wave

A layer consisting of properly designed mix od coarse aggregate fine aggregate, a filler and a bituminous binde

the average of the spot speeds of all vehicles passing a given point in the highway

highway appurtenances designed to prevent vehicular penetration from the travel way to areas behind the barrier such as to minimize damage to impacting vehicles and their occupants and to reduce the risk of injuries to pedestrians and workers

the component of the road structure which receives the traffic load and transfer it to the subgrade

this normally consists of aggregates such as gravel and crushed rock

the max number of passenger cars that can pads a given point on a lane or roadway during one hour under the most nearly ideal roadway and traffic conditions which can possible be attained

process of proportioning cement, water, aggregates and additives prior to mixing concrete

the physical configuration of the seabed, the measurements of depths of water in the ocean, etc. and also information derived from such measurement

an instrument use to measure intensity of wind

the mooring fitting for mooring ships during a storm installed close to the water line of the berth

a 20 mm thick premix bitumen layer over which is laid a seal coat

the exuding of bitumen onto the pavement surface causing a reduction in skid resistance

cracks forming large interconnected polygons, usually with sharp corners or angles. These cracks are generally caused by hardening and shrinkage of the asphalt and/or reflection cracking from underlying layers such as cement treated base

localized upward buckling and shattering of the slabs at traverse joins or cracks

the structure that protects harbor from stormy waves and permits calm in the harbor

distance traveled by the vehicle after the application of the brakes until it will stop

waves which fall forward since the forward velocity of the crest particles exceeds the velocity of propagation of the wave itself. In deep water, this normally occurs when the wave length L is less than 7 times the wave height H (L < 7H) and in shallow water when the depth d is approximately equal to 1.25 H

Type of dolphins which are designed to take the impact of the ship when docking and to hold the ship against a broadside wind. Therefore, they are provided with fenders to absorbed the impact of the ship and to protect the dolphin and the ship from damage

a vertical post to which the eye of a morring line can be attached

these consist of two curves in the same direction separated by a short tangent

a structure for retaining or to prevent earth or fill from sliding into water

the maximum sustained 15 min rate of flow, expressed in passenger cars per hour per lane, which can be accommodated by a uniform freeway segment under prevailing traffic and roadway conditions in one direction

markings that are often used to guide traffic into the right turninglanes separated by an island, such as corner island at a signalized intersection

the points at which the cut or fill slopes intersect the existing ground

these are usually laid out in the field by occupying the tangent to curve point TC with a transit and then establishing successive points by turning deflection angles and measuring chords

the pressure against a vertical wall due to waves

this term refers to any material consisting of a mixture of aggregates, such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone, fastened together by cement

these result when two curves of differing radius join one another

joints provided in concrete cement pavement is suspended

a type of rigid pavement, which has no transverse joints, except construction joints or expansion joints when they are necessary at specific positions such as at bridges. This type of pavement is typically used on high-volume, high-speed roadways

this is the cost of any material that has to be obtained off job site in order to make a fill

this traffic conflict occurs when they cross paths directly

these are normally specified in m/m or in percentages. In railway practice, cross slopes may be expressed in millimeters that the high rail is above the low rail, since there is a standard horizontal distance maintained between rails

the process of providing the required water and maintaining a favorable temperature for a period of time after placing concrete

the existing ground is above the construction section

primary consideration in the design of geometric cross sections for highways, runways, and taxi ways

waves in which the ratio of water depth to the wavelength is greater than 0.5

difference between the actual travel time and a given segment of a transportation system and some ideal travel time for that segment

light retro reflecting devices mounted at the side of the roadway in series to indicate the roadway alignment

it is defined as the number of vehicles per unit distance occupying a thsection of roadway at a given instant time and is usually measured in vehicles per mile

defines as the maximum safe speed that can be maintained over a specified section of highway when conditions are so favorable that the design features of highway govern

markings which are placed on sealed shoulders or other sealed portion of the road where traffic is not desired.

the spread of energy along a wave crest

defined as the fraction of time that vehicles are present at a point in space

the reciprocal of density which is usually measure in vehicles per mile or per kilometer

tide which occurs only one high tide a day

the process by which a vehicle in a traffic stream leaves that traffic stream, such as a vehicle leaving the outside lane if an expressway

this traffic conflict occurs when vehicles leave the traffic stream

progressive disintegration of the surface between the heel paths caused by dripping of a gasoline or oil from vehicles

an artificial basin for vessels when the basin is pumped out

the time that a wind blows across the water

these quantities are normally expressed as volumes, in metric units, they are given in cubic meters

these are in meters above some datum; usually this datum is mean sea level, but it may be any arbitrary scale

the time linked with the two stages perception and intellection based on a particular traffic situation like fear or anger which has a vital influence on the final message or decision sent by the brain to the muscle

these includes cost estimates for various parts of the project and are used too evaluate the acceptability of bids and financial feasibility of the project

divided arterial highway for through traffic with full or partial control of access and generally with grade separations at major intersection

primarily involved in planning designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating fixed facilities

an open water with navigable depth

elevation difference between adjacent slabs at traverse joints. This is usually the result of pumping and is a major source of Portland concrete pavement

the distance that the wind blows over the sea in generating the waves is known as:

A marine structure consisting of dolphins for tying up the ship and a platform for supporting the cargo handling equipment.

A marine structure consisting of dolphins for tying up the ship and a platform for supporting the cargo handling equipment.

warning devices use to supplement either controls and devices necessary to alert motorist of construction and maintenance activities of obstruction in roadway

a pavement which has negligible flexural strength

defines as the number of vehicles per unit time passing a point in space and is usually expressed in vehicles per hour

the cost of excavation normally includes the cost of removing the material from its existing state, hauling it up to some specified distance

Th headway in a major stream, which is evaluated by a vehicle driver in a minor stream who wishes to merge into the major stream

this view has elevation as its vertical axis and horizontal distance, measured perpendicular to the centerline, as its horizontal axis

these are sometimes used in constructing pavements. These are used to add strength, control moisture, and prevent the movement of fine materials into drainage layers

expressed as decima fractions or as percentages

these traffic solutions eliminates the crossing conflicts by placing the conflicting traffic streams at different elevations at their point of intersection

Waves are formed by the frictional drag of wind across the water surface. This is a process of transferring energy from wind to water. Water particles are moved from their position by the wind, and then returned to the original position by gravity, which is a restoring force.

a shore protection structure usually built perpendicular to the coastline to retard littoral transport of sedimentary materials

inform and advice road users of directions, distance, routes, the location of services and points of interests

the product of a volume of materials times the average distance it is hauled