Particles composing matter

These are the smallest unit of matter that can't be broken down chemically.

These are groups of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded.

These are particles that have gained or lost one or more of their valence electrons.

States of matter

It is a hot ionized gas consisting of approximately equal numbers of positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons. The characteristics of _______ are significantly different from those of ordinary neutral gases so that ______ are considered a distinct "fourth state of matter."

It is a state of matter in which separate atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero. When they reach that temperature the atoms are hardly moving relative to each other; they have almost no free energy to do so. At that point, the atoms begin to clump together, and enter the same energy states.

Properties of matter

These can be measured and observed without changing the composition of the substance.

These are the ability of a substance to react with other substances such as air, water, and base.

It does not depend on the size or amount of the sample.

These can be affected by the size and amount of samples.

According to changed involved during measurements of the property

According to dependence on amount of matter

Intensive physical properties

Extensive physical properties

Chemical properties

Matter

Pure substance

Mixtures

anything that cannot be broken down through physical means. will always have the same composition. are either elements or compounds.

-The simplest pure substance that makes up matter, made up only of one kind of atom It cannot be broken down into other substances by either physical or chemical means.

Each ______ is made up of a particular kind of atom: a pure sample of the element aluminum contains only aluminum atoms. Thus, an element contains only one kind of atom.

Made up of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically combined always contains atoms of different elements. although it contains more than one type of atom, always has the same composition-that is, the same combination of atoms.

can be defined as something that has variable composition. can be classified as either homogeneous or heterogeneous.

is the same throughout does not vary in composition from one region to another.

A homogeneous mixture or one-phase mixture

Substance being dissolved

A dissolving medium

Contains the maximum amount of solute that a given quantity of solvent can dissolve

Having a lesser amount of solute than what the given quantity of solvent can dissolve

Contains solute that is more than what the given solvent can dissolved.

contains regions that have different properties from those of other regions Have two or more components that are visible as separate phases Their particles are not evenly distributed throughout the system and are mostly visible even with the unaided eye. It can be suspensions or colloids

Have solute particles big enough to settle at the bottom of the mixture and can be alternately filtered to separate particles through filtration.

Intermediate to a solution and a suspension It can be cloudy, but separation of components and settling of particles cannot be observed.

Exhibit the Tyndall effect

A phenomenon observed in dispersed colloid particles once light is directed to such mixtures. The dispersed solutes scatter and reflect the light.

Whether the substance undergoes combustion or not

Whothor the substanco can be easily decomposed or not

Whether it reacts with acids, bases, and oxygen, gas or not

Whether the material is more active or less active than other members of its chemical family

Whether it will break into charged particles when in solution with water or not.

Whether substance can damage an organism or not.