ucsp exam

91問 • 1年前

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-The embodiment of a societies of life, as it institutionalized how society should be. -has been called "the way of life for an entire society." -The way of life or an entire society-codes of manners, dress, language, language, religions, rituals

Culture

May refer to the complex relationships of people living in the society. it may also refer to the concept of power and leadership; the more powerful and influential may get the upper hand in the society.

Politics

emphasize the needs, wants and goals of a group over the needs and desires of each individual.

COLLECTIVIST SOCIETY

Is any phenomena in society that are already accepted such as values, norms and social structure and are not bound by any actions of an individual.

SOCIAL FACTS

Institutionalized norms and laws in a society that exist in either in the form of written codes, or are directly observable.

MATERIAL SOCIAL FACTS

The unwritten codes of conduct, best practices. that are not written down anywhere and that are not visible directly, but are left or experienced.

NON-MATERIAL SOCIAL FACTS

Loss of direction felt by an individual when the social controls become ineffective State of normslessness, disorder, or confusion in a society when the standard norms and values are weak or unclear.

Anomie

refers to the pursuit and application of knowledge and the evidenced-based understanding of both the natural and social world.

Science

is the study of people: as individuals, communities and societies; their behaviours and interactions with each other and with their built, technological and natural environments.

Social science

Study of human relationships and behaviors in society.

Sociology

awareness to comprehend the links of one's own personal understanding, challenges or limitations (troubles) with wider social challenges (issues)

Sociological Imagination (C. Wright Mills)

involves observation, experimentation and analysis to draw conclusions about social behavior nd structures. Examines social relationships, focusing on how individuals interact within groups, organizations and societies.

Sociology

Society is a system of interconnected parts that work as one, so there would be harmony and balance in the whole. Each part has its own function, which must work together with other parts to have the impression of a whole functioning system

STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM

when it provides social stability and solidarity, where an individual is doing his or her part to maintain a strong and robust society and achieving overall social equilibrium

FUNCTION

if it causes disruption in the stability of the society

Dysfunctional

intended and commonly recognized functions of an institutions

MANIFEST FUNCTIONS

unintended and unrecognized consequences that help ensure social stability.

LATENT FUNCTIONS

Society is always in a constant state of conflict, as the members of society compete for limited resources.

Conflict Theory

sometimes referred to as interactionism sees human beings as living in a world of "symbols" each symbols has a shared meaning-something understood by all members of society. To understand these meanings, they must be communicated, and that is something that only humans can do or understand.

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM THEORY

Study of the evolutionary history of human beings, (culture and society) It deals with human culture and societies of the past and how these evolved to what is now the present state.

Anthropology

The study of how humans developed their culture and society

CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

The study how humans adapt to their environment, including biological evolution

BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

The study of how language evolves and how humans use language to communicate

LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY

The study of artifacts or material evidence that past human societies left behind

ARCHEOLOGY

deals with how the government, power, and authority work in a society, including various political thoughts and ideas political activities and political behavior.

Political Science

Within the society, each individual member is influenced by various factors that cause variation in characteristics.

Human Variation

can be traced back in the evolution of humans as a separate species, such that human genes have adapted or survive harsh environments.

BIOLOGICAL FACTORS

being able to adapt to the climate, food shortages, pollution, changing quality of life, and other factors that may enhance specific biological or physical traits that human body may need.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

refer to the experiences and interactions people have and how people are influenced by these same interactions.

CULTURAL FACTORS

Refers to where you are born or your place of birth

Nationality

is granted by a government of a country when certain legal requirements are met.

Citizenship

refers to the biological and physiological traits of male and female

SEX

social and cultural construct at distinguishes differences in the attributes of male and female and their roles and responsibilities the society

Gender

refers to the idea that differentiates between rich and poor that based on income, financial status, educational attainment and social status.

Socioeconomic

state of lacking financial resources and living with a bare minimum.

POVERTY

CLASSIFICATION OF POVERTY

SITUATIONAL POVERTY GENERATIONAL POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY

is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.

Culture

is a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next.

Culture

5 ASPECT OF CULTURE

Values Beliefs Language Symbols Rituals

-are individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or another. They serve as a guide for human behavior. -Abstract concepts that make judgements on and/or determine what is good and desirable and what is bad and undesirable within a culture.

Values

-system are structured sets of principle and tenets held to be true by individuals or larger groups encompassing aspects such as morality, life purpose or emperical morality.

Beliefs

2 TYPES OF BELIEFS

Religious Political

explain the origin the universe, the existence of gods and can set moral codes

Religious

explain how society should be managed and governed and are often based on ideas about power and resource distribution.

Political

-a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written symbols by means of which human beings express themselves. -System of communication that humans use to express values, beliefs and ideas as well as to forge relationships and establish sort of binding understanding between among each other. -binds culture into one. -is crucial to every society

Language

are the only species in the world that have complex language and thought process

Humans

take the form of words, sounds, gestures, ideas, or visual images and are used to convey other ideas and beliefs.

Symbols

Set of prescribed activities that has a religious or cultural significance to a cultural group, folkculture and subculture

Rituals

Guide the specific behavior of an individual in society. Acceptable actions within boundaries set by society or culture.

Norms

Rules and regulations established by social institutions and governments for the people to comply with.

Formal Norms

guided by the standard of morality

codified by government and backed by the state power to police

Laws

traditional customs of a culture but are socially accepted but are not morally significant. (FOLKWAYS)

Informal Norms

Physical object that manifest culture's norms and values. The material representation of culture

Material Culture

Characteristics of Culture

Culture is LEARNED Culture is SHARED Culture is SYMBOLIC Culture is DYNAMIC Culture is ADAPTIVE

You learn from your family and other people around you. You learn what is right and what is wrong. What is accepted or not, what is your roles and how you must do certain things in a certain way. You learn from your friends, peers and other people you encounter.

CULTURE IS LEARNED

Culture binds together the members of society as they get along with eah other. People use this learned culture to understand every individuals perception, ideas and values.

CULTURE IS SHARED

Culture is large and abstract concept. It consists of abstract ideas, values and perceptions hat informthe way people behave and react in a given situation. It becomes a design for people's thoughts and actions that will help them survive challenges within the society.

CULTURE IS SYMBOLIC

It is created by humans trough their collective behavior. It is also a product of people's changing perceptions, patterns and symbols bacause culture is not permanent and is subject to change over time.

CULTURE IS DYNAMIC

Cultural changes are evident in early human civilization which lived nomadically, hunting and gathering food in their environment. But after exhausting natural resources of one area, they transfer to another.

CULTURE IS ADAPTIVE

compared culture into an iceberg wherein part is submerged in water, while other is above the water

EDWARD T. HALL

Elements of culture according to EDWARD T. HALL

Surface Culture Deep Culture

Concepts of Culture

•A PROCESS OF HUMAN PERFECTION •AN ACTIVITY RECORDED AND LEARNED •A DESCRIPTION OF A PARTICULAR WAY OF LIFE

Relating to or constituting several cultural or ethnic groups within a society. including people who have many different customs and beliefs, or relating to a society, organization, city.

Multicultural

understanding the dynamic values and beliefs of different cultures. understanding and respecting various cultures

Cultural Awareness

Refers to unfamiliarity with a culture or a certain aspect of culture and it is actually normal.

Cultural Shock

Having knowledge of history and cultural characteristics of a certain society and culture

CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE

Having understanding and openness toward a different culture.

Cultural Awareness

Knowing the differences and similarities between cultures without assigning a certain value or amount to the difference

Cultural Sensitivity

Acceptance and promotion of cultural diversity in a society or organization. Being a culturally competent person means validating the importance of other culture.

Cultutal Competence

Refers to the idea that other culture must be understood based on their people's own experiences and standards. Part of it is not making judgement using an outsiders point of view or cultural references.

Cultural Relativism

Whatever activities are practiced within a culture, no matter how weird, should not be questioned

ABSOLUTE CULTURAL RELATIVISM

Practices should be evaluated in terms of how and why they are adopted. May examine certain aspect of culture especially if it violates certain human rights.

Critical Cultural Relativism

The fear or dislike of anything which is perceived as being foreign or strange.

Xenophobia

Judge culture using the viewer's own beliefs, behaviors, values and traditions.

Ethnocentrism

Is the notion that another culture is superior to one's own. Involves one's preference to other's way of living and rejecting his or her own culture, believing that he other's way is better than his or her own.

Xenocentrism

Defined as the growing interdependence of the world's culture, ideologies, economics and politics.

Globalization

Changes in fundamental organizational and individual beliefs and philosophies, in practices, in physical environments, in relationships at all level and in workforce models.

Culture Change

The process of a civilization, group or organization losing it's core elements- often because of new elements taking their place

Cultural Erosion

Domination or rule maintained through ideological or cultural means.

Cultural Hegemony

The process by which some culture items spread from one culture to another. When certain cultural values, ideas or even cultures are adopted by different cultures.

Cultural Diffussion

Imposition of a dominant culture onto another due to political, economic and social factors.

Cultural Imperialism

Legacy of the ways of living from the past, what we live with today and what we pass on the future generations.

Cultural Heritages

Refers to the artifacts left by previous generations that reflect the continued culture of a society.

Tangible Heritage

2 CLASSIFICATION of TANGIBLE HERITAGE

Movable Immovable

Refers to the practices, expressions, knowledge and skills that communities, groups and sometimes individuals recognize as part of their culture

Intangible

systematic study of the biological basis of social behavior in all organisms, including humans. It examines how behavior, including altruism, is influenced by genetics and social forces, and aims to explain ethical behavior through the fusion of _____ with neurophysiology.

sociobiology

is the ability of an individual to engage in thought processes. It is a measure of intelligence and can be described as the capability to reason and analyze information, problem-solve, create new ideas, plan, organize and make decisions.

Thinking Capacity

Largest part of the brain. It is responsible for movement, body temperature, touch, vision, hearing and various skills such as judgement, reasoning, problem solving emotions, and learning

CEREBRUM or FRONTAL LOBE

Responsible for communicating with other parts of the body. It controls vital functions such as breathing, consciousness, heart functions, swallowing, eye and mouth movement, stomach and intestines, and sensory relays.

Brainstem

Too fast, predictable, similar, and structured Is the process by which principles of fast-food restaurants, like efficiency and uniformity, spread to other areas of society, leading to standardized and predictable outcomes.

Mcdonaldization

Gen Chem

Joshua Timbol · 65問 · 1年前

Gen Chem