➢are rhetorical devices that use words in a way that deviates from their conventional meaning to achieve a special effect or to make writing more engaging and vivid.

They add richness and depth to language by expressing ideas in creative and imaginative ways.

: A comparison using "like" or "as" (e.g., "Her eyes sparkled like stars").

: A direct comparison, saying something is something else (e.g., "The world is a stage").

: Giving human traits to non-human objects or abstract ideas (e.g., "The wind howled in anger").

: Exaggeration for emphasis (e.g., "I've told you a million times").

: Words that imitate natural sounds (e.g., "buzz", "clang").

: The repetition of the same initial consonant sound in closely placed words (e.g., "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers").

Central Asia

South Asia

During the 19th century, Central Asia was conquered by —, and changed the landscape of their literature.

Literature was still heavily —, this was a time where writers advocated the cultivation of rational thought and modern knowledge espoused by the European tradition, particularly European Russia.

was a Kyrgyz novelist who rose in popularity in Central Asia during the 20th century.

His works originally written in Russian, were widely translated.

Many writers rose to prominence during this time, among these was — who was credited for the first successful novel written in Uzbek.

Another was — regarded as a modern writer in the Kazakh language.

For instance, the dominance of India in terms of literature is mirrored by the prominence of their two major epics, the —

These epics were written in —, a language considered sacred, and was primarily used in religion.

Sanskrit is the codified language used in —, the earliest literature in South Asia, which is religious in origin. This body of work contains hymns of praises to the higher gods of the — religion

One of the most notable and recognized writers from South Asia was the Bengali poet, —, who, because of his excellence in the field of literature was the first Asian awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1913.

Tagore did not only receive success in India but was also widely known in the —.

He brought to the world the Indian heritage and became a significant institution of literature in India

Is an approach to understanding literature that focuses on the historical or social circumstances of the time the piece was written.

This literary theory is anchored on the idea that the text is the product of the author and the author is a product of his or her time.

From this premise, it therefore seeks to understand how the events of the time influenced the — in writing the text.

Moreover, acknowledges the fact that the author is influenced by his or her own — and so are the critics analyzing and studying the work.

• Central Asia was once under the rule of —, South Asia. Early texts were heavily reflected their beliefs and religions. Their literature soon also reflected modern ideologies espoused by the West, and the introduction of different literary genres such as fiction and drama have became apparent.

• — is an influential body of literature not only in South Asia but also all over the Asian continent.

Most notable pieces of literature written in — are the epics —

• an Indian poet, won the Nobel Prize for Literature “because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh, and beautiful verse …