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問題一覧
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parts of the skeletal system
bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments
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two divisions of skeletal system
axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton
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consists of bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
axial skeleton
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consists of bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder and hip
appendicular skeleton
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functions of bones
support of the body, protection of soft organs, movement due to attached skeletal muscles, storage of minerals and fats, blood cell formation
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number of bones present in adult skeleton
206
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Two basic types of bone tissue
compact bone, spongy bone
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Homogeneous type of bone tissue
compact bone
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Small needle-like pieces of bone
spongy bone
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Many open spaces
spongy bone
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classification of bones
long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones
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Typically longer than wide
long bones
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Have a shaft with heads at both ends
long bones
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Contain mostly compact bone
long bones
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examples of long bones
femur, humerus
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Generally cube-shape
short bones
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Contain mostly spongy bone
short bones
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examples of short bones
carpals, tarsals
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Thin and flattened
flat bones
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Usually curved
flat bones
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Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
flat bones
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examples of flat bones
skull, ribs, sternum
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Irregular shape
irregular bones
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Do not fit into other bone classification categories
irregular bones
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examples of irregular bones
vertebrae, hip
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shaft (middle) of long bone
diaphysis
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composed of compact bone - LONG BONE
diaphysis
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ends of the long bone
epiphysis
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composed of spongy bones - LONG BONE
epiphysis
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structures of a long bone
periosteum, sharpey’s fibers, arteries, articular cartilage, medullary cavity
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Outside covering of the diaphysis
periosteum
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consists of Fibrous connective tissue membrane
periosteum
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Secure periosteum to underlying bone
sharpey’s fibers
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Supply bone cells with nutrients
arteries
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Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
articular cartilage
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Made of hyaline cartilage
articular cartilage
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Decreases friction at joint surfaces
articular cartilage
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Cavity of the shaft
medullary cavity
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Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults
medullary cavity
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Contains red marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants
medullary cavity
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TYPES OF BONE CELLS
osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts
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Mature bone cells
osteocytes
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Bone-forming cells
osteoblasts
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Bone-destroying cells
osteoclasts
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Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium
osteoclasts
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A break in a bone
bone fractures