問題一覧
1
Which technique is employed for assessing surface adsorption?
Chromatography
2
Which enzyme in the stomach is responsible for digesting proteins into amino acids?
Pepsin
3
What types of globulins are produced by the RES?
Gamma globulins
4
How does primary structure contribute to a protein's characteristics?
By determining the overall shape of the protein
5
After absorption, where are amino acids transported?
Liver
6
What is responsible for maintaining secondary structure?
Hydrogen bonds
7
Which term is used to describe proteins that can be positively or negatively charged?
Water-soluble and amphoteric
8
What are the most abundant macromolecules in the body?
Proteins
9
How is the determination of electrical charge typically achieved?
Using ion exchange chromatography and electrophoresis
10
Which major plasma protein fraction contains transferrin?
Beta globulin
11
Which protein, functions as a carrier protein for thyroid hormones and vitamin A?
Prealbumin
12
Which of the following amino acids are considered essential because they are not produced in the body and must be obtained from the diet?
Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine
13
What is the hierarchical order of protein structure, from the simplest to the most complex?
Primary Structure, Secondary Structure, Tertiary Structure, Quaternary Structure
14
Which major plasma protein fraction contains Alpha-2 macroglobulin?
Alpha-2 globulin
15
Which major plasma protein fraction contains interalpha trypsin?
Alpha-1 globulin
16
How does the absence of fibrinogen affect total protein content in serum?
There is an approximate 4% decrease in total protein content in serum.
17
Which major plasma protein fraction contains alpha lipoprotein?
Alpha-1 globulin
18
How is tertiary structure characterized?
Intramolecular folding of the polypeptide chain into a compact 3-D structure
19
Which serum is associated with Urinary loss due to kidney problems?
Low Serum
20
Which protein is derived from the latin name albus which means white, originated from the white ppt formed during the boiling of acidic urine in patients with proteinuria?
Albumin
21
Which major plasma protein fraction contains gc globulin?
Alpha-1 globulin
22
What is denaturation of proteins associated with?
Unfolding of the tertiary structure due to temperature changes or exposure to certain chemicals (organic solvents, detergents, or reagents)
23
Which major plasma protein fraction contains hemopexin?
Beta globulin
24
How is the conformation of segments of the polypeptide chain described in secondary structure?
By the formation of alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, and random structure
25
Which serum is associated with Prolonged tourniquet application?
Low Serum
26
Which fraction of major plasma proteins includes pre-albumin?
Pre-albumin
27
Which major plasma protein fraction contains alpha 1 acid glycoprotein?
Alpha-1 globulin
28
Which major plasma protein fraction contains Pre-albumin?
Pre-albumin
29
Which major plasma protein fraction contains DL?
Beta globulin
30
What characterizes simple proteins?
They contain peptide chains that yield only amino acids upon hydrolysis.
31
Which protein, serves as the transport protein for most substances?
Albumin
32
Where are amino acids absorbed after protein digestion?
Small intestine, blood
33
What is the isoelectric point of a protein?
The pH where proteins have no net charge
34
What type of ions predominate in an alkaline pH environment affecting the charge of proteins?
OH ions
35
Which protein, is the largest protein fraction (52-62%)?
Albumin
36
Which of the following amino acids are considered essential because they are not produced in the body and must be obtained from the diet?
Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine
37
What effect does high acidity in the stomach have on proteins?
It denatures proteins, making them susceptible to enzyme digestion.
38
What proteins are included in the Gamma globulin?
Immunoglobulins and CRP (C-reactive protein)
39
Which major plasma protein fraction contains c-reactive protein?
Beta globulin
40
Which protein, synthesized in the liver at a rate that is dependent on protein intake?
Albumin
41
What defines quaternary structure in proteins?
Incorporation of two or more polypeptide chains or sub-units into a larger unit
42
What is a key difference between plasma and serum protein content?
Plasma contains fibrinogen, while serum does not.
43
Amino acids that are important for protein synthesis which are not produced in the body. They are essential constituents of the diet
Essential amino acids
44
Which major plasma protein fraction contains alpha phetoprotein?
Alpha-1 globulin
45
Which major plasma protein fraction contains immunoglobulin?
Gamma globulin
46
Which statement is true about the charge of proteins in alkaline pH?
They are negatively charged
47
Which proteins are considered major plasma proteins?
Albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen
48
Which protein, has low serum albumin levels can be related to: Inflammation, Hepatic disease, Urinary loss due to kidney problems, Gastrointestinal loss, Protein calory malnutrition, Burn injury, Edema, Ascites
Albumin
49
Which serum is associated with Specimen evaporation?
High Serum
50
What types of globulins are produced by the liver?
Albumin, Alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, and fibrinogen
51
What distinguishes conjugated proteins?
They are composed of a protein (apoprotein) and a non-protein moiety (prosthetic group).
52
Which protein, has high serum albumin levels are often associated with: Dehydration, Prolonged tourniquet application, Specimen evaporation
Albumin
53
Which major plasma protein fraction contains alpha 1 antichymotrypsin?
Alpha-1 globulin
54
What is an example of a protein with quaternary structure?
Creatine-kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, hemoglobin (4 sub-units, alpha & beta)
55
What proteins are included in the alpha-1 globulin fraction?
Alpha 1 antitrypsin, alpha fetoprotein, alpha lipoprotein, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, alpha 1 antichymotrypsin, inter-alpha trypsin, GC globulin
56
Which serum is associated with Inflammation?
Low Serum
57
Which major plasma protein fraction contains alpha 1 antitrypsin?
Alpha-1 globulin
58
Which major plasma protein fraction contains fibrinogen?
Beta globulin
59
Which major plasma protein fraction contains CRP or c-reactive protein?
Gamma globulin
60
How is quaternary structure characterized?
Association of several polypeptide subunits into a larger “oligomeric” aggregate unit
61
What factors affect the differential solubility of proteins?
pH, ionic strength, temperature, dielectric constant
62
What does tertiary structure refer to in protein folding?
Folding of proteins into a 3-dimensional structure or shape
63
Building blocks or proteins
Amino acids
64
Which major plasma protein fraction contains beta-2 microglobulin?
Beta globulin
65
What type of bonds primarily maintain tertiary structure?
Covalent disulfide bonds
66
Proteins are macromolecules are expressed in what?
g/dL
67
Which component of blood is an example of a protein not synthesized in the liver, but produced by plasma cells?
Immunoglobulins
68
Which fraction of major plasma proteins includes albumin?
Albumin
69
Which protein, when protein is present in highest concentration, in the plasma, synthesized by the liver at a rate dependent on the protein intake?
Albumin
70
What type of bond holds amino acids together in a protein structure?
Peptide bonds
71
What proteins are included in the alpha-2 globulin fraction?
Seruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and alpha-2 macroglobulin
72
Which aspect of a protein does primary structure mainly focus on?
Sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein
73
What proteins are included in the beta globulin fraction?
Transferrin, Hemopexin, Beta-2 microglobulin, Fibrinogen, LDL, VLDL, C-reactive protein
74
What are zwitterions?
Ions that have two different charges but the net charge on the molecule is zero
75
Which statement is true about the charge of proteins in acidic pH?
They are positively charged
76
Which protein has a normal lifespan in circulation is in 15 to 19 days?
Albumin
77
Which protein has Transthyretin?
Prealbumin
78
Where does protein digestion primarily begin in the human body, before completion in the small intestine?
Stomach
79
Which major plasma protein fraction contains VLDL?
Beta globulin
80
Which major plasma protein fraction contains haptoglobin?
Alpha-2 globulin
81
Which serum is associated with Hepatic disease?
Low Serum
82
Which hormones increase protein synthesis?
Growth hormone, insulin, and thyroid hormone
83
What does primary structure primarily refer to in protein structure?
The identity and specific order of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain (amino acid sequence)
84
How is determination of molecular size typically accomplished?
Through ultracentrifugation or dialysis
85
What element differentiates proteins from other macromolecules?
Nitrogen
86
Which of the following amino acids are considered essential because they are not produced in the body and must be obtained from the diet?
Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine
87
How is primary structure characterized in a protein?
By the sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein
88
Which protein is second most predominant protein in the CSF?
Prealbumin
89
What types of structures are included in secondary structure?
Alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, and random structure of proteins
90
Which serum is associated with Dehydration?
High Serum
91
Which major plasma protein fraction contains Albumin?
Albumin
92
What effect do glucocorticoids and glucagon have on protein metabolism?
They increase protein metabolism.
93
Which protein, maintains oncotic pressure or colloidal osmotic pressure?
Albumin
94
What holds amino acids together in proteins?
Peptide bonds
95
Which protein migrates faster than the other?
Prealbumin
96
Which major plasma protein fraction contains seruloplasmin?
Alpha-2 globulin
97
Proteins, is a chief nitrogenous macromolecules of cellular structure and organization, constituting how much percent of a cell's dry weight?
50-70%
98
Which protein has negative acute phase reactant; decreases during inflammation?
Albumin
99
Which method is commonly used to determine molecular mass?
Mass spectrometry
100
Where are proteins mostly synthesized in the body?
Liver