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FINAL EXAMINATION IN ITP MIDTERM

FINAL EXAMINATION IN ITP MIDTERM
100問 • 2年前
  • Riya LR
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    the activation of specialized sensory receptors

    Sensation

  • 2

    come forms responds to specific stimuli like light and sound

    Sensory Receptors

  • 3

    how we interpret and organize the sensory input from our environment.

    Perception

  • 4

    minimum amount of stimulus presented to a sensory receptors also represent smallest amount of energy

    Absolute Threshold

  • 5

    provides fundamental principle the noticeable difference between two stimuli remain constant

    Webber's Law of Just Noticeable Differences

  • 6

    brain gradually tunes out a president and unchanging stimulus. also our senses still respond but the brain doesn't pay much attention to the signals

    Habituation

  • 7

    cease to respond to a consistent stimulus. also sensors became less responsive and stop sending signals

    Sensory Adaptation

  • 8

    data driven processing/ incoming data

    Bottom Up

  • 9

    termed knowledge driven processing hinges on our existing knowledge

    Top down

  • 10

    light we often overlook it's wave like characteristics

    Sense of Sight

  • 11

    wave amplitude signifying how high or low wave is

    Brightness

  • 12

    also know as hue

    Color

  • 13

    light waves and denotes the purity of perceived colors

    Saturation

  • 14

    electromagnetic radiation describe by the wavelength and amplitude

    Light

  • 15

    STRUCTURE OF THE EYE 12 PARTS with key terms

    Cornea- transparent membrane Aqueous Humor - watery fluid Iris - colored part, size of the pupil Pupil - changes size depending on the environment light Lens- clear structure behind iris Vitreous Humor - clear, jelly like fluid Retina - light sensitive area Rods - non color sensitivity Cones - color vision Visual Accomodations - allows people to focus on object Blind Spot - optic nerve leaves the eye Optic Nerve - sends visual information to the brain

  • 16

    ____ darkness after expose to bright light ___ light after exposure to darkness

    Dark & Light Adaptation

  • 17

    diff shades of colors correspond to diff amount of light received by these three type of cones

    Trichromatic Theory

  • 18

    color vision proposed four primary colors (red and green, blue and yellow)

    The Opponent Process Theory

  • 19

    causes color blindness in the retina

    Defective Cones

  • 20

    only shades of gray are visible

    Monochrome color blindness

  • 21

    either red or green cones are not working

    Red - green color blindness

  • 22

    when visual sensation persist briefly

    Afterimages

  • 23

    changes in pressure, air or other mediums

    Physical Definition

  • 24

    experience we have when we hear

    Perceptual Definition

  • 25

    caused by the sound waves from pressure changes

    Hearing

  • 26

    Two characteristics of pressure

    amplitude and frequency

  • 27

    size of pressure change or the highest lowest sound

    Pitch/ Frequency

  • 28

    perceptual experience of loudness

    Amplitude

  • 29

    may have the same loudness and pitch

    timbre

  • 30

    condition disease, middle ear cavity to inner ear blockage

    Conductive Hearing Loss

  • 31

    Physical Attributes of sound called ____

    intensity/ loudness

  • 32

    auditory nerve dysfunction

    Sensorineural Hearing Loss

  • 33

    an inability of hair cells to stimulate the nerves

    Corti

  • 34

    sense of taste is also called as ___

    gustation

  • 35

    are taste receptor cells special kinds of neurons line the walls of papillae

    taste buds

  • 36

    bumps that you can see on your tounge

    papillae

  • 37

    Each taste buds has ____ ___ are renewed every ____ ____ was the first developed a list of basic taste in 350 bce these are: ____, ____, ____, ____. but on 1908 profession ________ discovered the fifth basic taste named ____

    20 receptors Taste Receptors 10 -14 days Aristotle Sweet, bitter, sour, salty Kikunae Ikeda Umami

  • 38

    in Filipino malinamnam pleasan brothy meaty or savory taste

    Umami

  • 39

    MSG

    monosodium glutamate

  • 40

    the sense of smell is also called

    olfaction

  • 41

    located at top nasal passages

    Olfactory

  • 42

    neural signals that go to the olfactory bulbs

    Hairs / Cilia

  • 43

    located at frontal lobes they process olfactory information

    Olfactory Bulbs

  • 44

    20 SQ feet the biggest sense organ

    Skin

  • 45

    respond to pressure

    Pacinian Corpuscles

  • 46

    sensitive to pain and touch

    Nerve Ending

  • 47

    respond to temperature pressure and pain

    Free nerve ending

  • 48

    consist of three senses

    Somesthethic / Touch Senses

  • 49

    touch pressure temperature and pain

    Skin Senses

  • 50

    neurotransmitter called the substance p

    gate control theory of pain

  • 51

    location of body parts proprioceptors

    Kinesthetic Senses

  • 52

    responsible to the pressure inside

    Proprioceptors

  • 53

    allows sense movement and body position

    Vestibular Sense

  • 54

    up and down movement

    Otolith Organ

  • 55

    movement through arcs

    Semicircular Canals

  • 56

    causing nausea

    Motion Sickness

  • 57

    awareness of ones thoughts feelings and perception

    Consciousness

  • 58

    deviates from normal baseline

    Altered state of consciousness

  • 59

    every human and non human experience

    Sleep

  • 60

    circadian rhythm is the 24 hours cycle that tells our body when to sleep

    Body Clock

  • 61

    sleep is a product of evolution

    Adaptive Theory

  • 62

    sleep is necessary for physical health

    Restorative Theory

  • 63

    restoring physiological function

    NREM

  • 64

    restoring mental function

    REM

  • 65

    people sleep to process information

    Information Consolidation Theory

  • 66

    relatively permanent behavior charge brought about by experience or practice

    Learning

  • 67

    kind or learning that occurs with reflexive involuntary behavior

    Classical Conditioning

  • 68

    List the four elements of classical conditioning

    Unconditioned Stimulus - capable of triggering Unconditioned Response - innate response Conditioned Stimulus - elicit conditioned response Conditioned Response - learned response

  • 69

    tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to original

    Stimulus Generalization

  • 70

    tendency to stop making a generalized response

    Stimulus Discrimination

  • 71

    disappearance or weakening of learned response

    Extinction

  • 72

    reappearance of learned response

    Spontaneous Recovery

  • 73

    paired with neutral stimulus

    Higher order / Second Order Conditioning

  • 74

    discovered that phobia could be learn through classical conditioning

    John B Watson & Rosalie Rayner

  • 75

    occurs when organism become nauseated or sick

    Conditioned Taste Aversion

  • 76

    kind of learning applies to voluntary behavior

    Operant Conditioning

  • 77

    law of effect

    Edward Thorndike

  • 78

    who name Operant Conditioning

    B.F Skinner

  • 79

    strengthen a response by ff. it with pleasurable rewarding consequences

    Reinforcement

  • 80

    followed by pleasurable stimulus

    positive reinforcement

  • 81

    removing avoiding unpleasant stimulus

    negative reinforcement

  • 82

    reinforce small simple steps in behavior

    Shaping

  • 83

    present an unpleasant even outcome

    punishment

  • 84

    states that learning required cognition influence

    Cognitive Learning Theory

  • 85

    studied how rats learn how to run complex maze

    Edward Tolman

  • 86

    remains hidden untill situation arises

    latent learning

  • 87

    found that dogs in an inescapable situation

    Martin Seligman

  • 88

    failure to escape when it became possible

    learned helplessness

  • 89

    learning by watching others perform

    Observational Learning

  • 90

    clown shaped doll calle bobo

    Albert Bandura

  • 91

    where learning happens w/o immediate action

    learning/performance distinction

  • 92

    4 elements for observational learning to occur

    Attention - learn from someone Retention - remembering what you observe Reproduction - mimicking what u observe Motivation - apply what uve learn

  • 93

    Russian experimented on salvation of dogs

    Ivan Pavlov

  • 94

    Sleep allows brain to clean itself up

    Clean up theory of sleep

  • 95

    in the hypothalamus there is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

    Sleep wake cycle

  • 96

    sensitive to light changes

    SCN

  • 97

    hormone that causes us to sleep

    Serotonin

  • 98

    irritability are some of the first sign of a person experience for lacking at sleep said by:

    David F. Dinges

  • 99

    doesn't sleep after the initial signs

    Sleep deprived person

  • 100

    5-10 sec as a person gets to sleep

    Microsleeps

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    the activation of specialized sensory receptors

    Sensation

  • 2

    come forms responds to specific stimuli like light and sound

    Sensory Receptors

  • 3

    how we interpret and organize the sensory input from our environment.

    Perception

  • 4

    minimum amount of stimulus presented to a sensory receptors also represent smallest amount of energy

    Absolute Threshold

  • 5

    provides fundamental principle the noticeable difference between two stimuli remain constant

    Webber's Law of Just Noticeable Differences

  • 6

    brain gradually tunes out a president and unchanging stimulus. also our senses still respond but the brain doesn't pay much attention to the signals

    Habituation

  • 7

    cease to respond to a consistent stimulus. also sensors became less responsive and stop sending signals

    Sensory Adaptation

  • 8

    data driven processing/ incoming data

    Bottom Up

  • 9

    termed knowledge driven processing hinges on our existing knowledge

    Top down

  • 10

    light we often overlook it's wave like characteristics

    Sense of Sight

  • 11

    wave amplitude signifying how high or low wave is

    Brightness

  • 12

    also know as hue

    Color

  • 13

    light waves and denotes the purity of perceived colors

    Saturation

  • 14

    electromagnetic radiation describe by the wavelength and amplitude

    Light

  • 15

    STRUCTURE OF THE EYE 12 PARTS with key terms

    Cornea- transparent membrane Aqueous Humor - watery fluid Iris - colored part, size of the pupil Pupil - changes size depending on the environment light Lens- clear structure behind iris Vitreous Humor - clear, jelly like fluid Retina - light sensitive area Rods - non color sensitivity Cones - color vision Visual Accomodations - allows people to focus on object Blind Spot - optic nerve leaves the eye Optic Nerve - sends visual information to the brain

  • 16

    ____ darkness after expose to bright light ___ light after exposure to darkness

    Dark & Light Adaptation

  • 17

    diff shades of colors correspond to diff amount of light received by these three type of cones

    Trichromatic Theory

  • 18

    color vision proposed four primary colors (red and green, blue and yellow)

    The Opponent Process Theory

  • 19

    causes color blindness in the retina

    Defective Cones

  • 20

    only shades of gray are visible

    Monochrome color blindness

  • 21

    either red or green cones are not working

    Red - green color blindness

  • 22

    when visual sensation persist briefly

    Afterimages

  • 23

    changes in pressure, air or other mediums

    Physical Definition

  • 24

    experience we have when we hear

    Perceptual Definition

  • 25

    caused by the sound waves from pressure changes

    Hearing

  • 26

    Two characteristics of pressure

    amplitude and frequency

  • 27

    size of pressure change or the highest lowest sound

    Pitch/ Frequency

  • 28

    perceptual experience of loudness

    Amplitude

  • 29

    may have the same loudness and pitch

    timbre

  • 30

    condition disease, middle ear cavity to inner ear blockage

    Conductive Hearing Loss

  • 31

    Physical Attributes of sound called ____

    intensity/ loudness

  • 32

    auditory nerve dysfunction

    Sensorineural Hearing Loss

  • 33

    an inability of hair cells to stimulate the nerves

    Corti

  • 34

    sense of taste is also called as ___

    gustation

  • 35

    are taste receptor cells special kinds of neurons line the walls of papillae

    taste buds

  • 36

    bumps that you can see on your tounge

    papillae

  • 37

    Each taste buds has ____ ___ are renewed every ____ ____ was the first developed a list of basic taste in 350 bce these are: ____, ____, ____, ____. but on 1908 profession ________ discovered the fifth basic taste named ____

    20 receptors Taste Receptors 10 -14 days Aristotle Sweet, bitter, sour, salty Kikunae Ikeda Umami

  • 38

    in Filipino malinamnam pleasan brothy meaty or savory taste

    Umami

  • 39

    MSG

    monosodium glutamate

  • 40

    the sense of smell is also called

    olfaction

  • 41

    located at top nasal passages

    Olfactory

  • 42

    neural signals that go to the olfactory bulbs

    Hairs / Cilia

  • 43

    located at frontal lobes they process olfactory information

    Olfactory Bulbs

  • 44

    20 SQ feet the biggest sense organ

    Skin

  • 45

    respond to pressure

    Pacinian Corpuscles

  • 46

    sensitive to pain and touch

    Nerve Ending

  • 47

    respond to temperature pressure and pain

    Free nerve ending

  • 48

    consist of three senses

    Somesthethic / Touch Senses

  • 49

    touch pressure temperature and pain

    Skin Senses

  • 50

    neurotransmitter called the substance p

    gate control theory of pain

  • 51

    location of body parts proprioceptors

    Kinesthetic Senses

  • 52

    responsible to the pressure inside

    Proprioceptors

  • 53

    allows sense movement and body position

    Vestibular Sense

  • 54

    up and down movement

    Otolith Organ

  • 55

    movement through arcs

    Semicircular Canals

  • 56

    causing nausea

    Motion Sickness

  • 57

    awareness of ones thoughts feelings and perception

    Consciousness

  • 58

    deviates from normal baseline

    Altered state of consciousness

  • 59

    every human and non human experience

    Sleep

  • 60

    circadian rhythm is the 24 hours cycle that tells our body when to sleep

    Body Clock

  • 61

    sleep is a product of evolution

    Adaptive Theory

  • 62

    sleep is necessary for physical health

    Restorative Theory

  • 63

    restoring physiological function

    NREM

  • 64

    restoring mental function

    REM

  • 65

    people sleep to process information

    Information Consolidation Theory

  • 66

    relatively permanent behavior charge brought about by experience or practice

    Learning

  • 67

    kind or learning that occurs with reflexive involuntary behavior

    Classical Conditioning

  • 68

    List the four elements of classical conditioning

    Unconditioned Stimulus - capable of triggering Unconditioned Response - innate response Conditioned Stimulus - elicit conditioned response Conditioned Response - learned response

  • 69

    tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to original

    Stimulus Generalization

  • 70

    tendency to stop making a generalized response

    Stimulus Discrimination

  • 71

    disappearance or weakening of learned response

    Extinction

  • 72

    reappearance of learned response

    Spontaneous Recovery

  • 73

    paired with neutral stimulus

    Higher order / Second Order Conditioning

  • 74

    discovered that phobia could be learn through classical conditioning

    John B Watson & Rosalie Rayner

  • 75

    occurs when organism become nauseated or sick

    Conditioned Taste Aversion

  • 76

    kind of learning applies to voluntary behavior

    Operant Conditioning

  • 77

    law of effect

    Edward Thorndike

  • 78

    who name Operant Conditioning

    B.F Skinner

  • 79

    strengthen a response by ff. it with pleasurable rewarding consequences

    Reinforcement

  • 80

    followed by pleasurable stimulus

    positive reinforcement

  • 81

    removing avoiding unpleasant stimulus

    negative reinforcement

  • 82

    reinforce small simple steps in behavior

    Shaping

  • 83

    present an unpleasant even outcome

    punishment

  • 84

    states that learning required cognition influence

    Cognitive Learning Theory

  • 85

    studied how rats learn how to run complex maze

    Edward Tolman

  • 86

    remains hidden untill situation arises

    latent learning

  • 87

    found that dogs in an inescapable situation

    Martin Seligman

  • 88

    failure to escape when it became possible

    learned helplessness

  • 89

    learning by watching others perform

    Observational Learning

  • 90

    clown shaped doll calle bobo

    Albert Bandura

  • 91

    where learning happens w/o immediate action

    learning/performance distinction

  • 92

    4 elements for observational learning to occur

    Attention - learn from someone Retention - remembering what you observe Reproduction - mimicking what u observe Motivation - apply what uve learn

  • 93

    Russian experimented on salvation of dogs

    Ivan Pavlov

  • 94

    Sleep allows brain to clean itself up

    Clean up theory of sleep

  • 95

    in the hypothalamus there is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

    Sleep wake cycle

  • 96

    sensitive to light changes

    SCN

  • 97

    hormone that causes us to sleep

    Serotonin

  • 98

    irritability are some of the first sign of a person experience for lacking at sleep said by:

    David F. Dinges

  • 99

    doesn't sleep after the initial signs

    Sleep deprived person

  • 100

    5-10 sec as a person gets to sleep

    Microsleeps