問題一覧
1
what’s niche?
Adult stem cells that are found in few places in the body like bone marrow and gonads
2
at. homologous chromosomes recombination occurs
prophase
3
____is a multi step process by which signal is transmitted through cell leading to an event
signal transduction
4
________ Involves reprogramming of undifferentiated stem cells
metaplasia
5
________may be the fastest growing form and have increased rate of mitosis
anaplastic tumors
6
what’s the meaning of staging
extent of spread of the tumor within the patient
7
The checkpoint factor that controls the process of cell differentiation is ———————— which functions is in late G1.
Restriction check points
8
what type of molecule is cadherin-catenin complex and what’s its function ?
it’s CAM (Cell adhesion molecule) and its function is to join cells together
9
_________Fibrous proteins that provide the nucleus with mechanical support
nuclear lamina
10
solenoid structures are tightly packed————-?
Nucleosomes
11
what’s a gene?
a nucleotide sequence in a dna molecule
12
what are the regulatory expressed genes?
expression of inducible genes increase in response to inducer or activator such as enzymes in catabolic pathways
13
difference between cell types result from———?
differential Jene expression
14
——————- is a sequence in eukaryotic mRNA, which plays a major role in the initiation of the translation process.
Kozak sequence
15
•——————- assist the ribosome in recognising the stop codon and terminating translation. and an example of it in eukaryotics could be—————
release factor,eRF
16
serum albumin secretion could be an example of which protein secretion?
constitute secretion
17
non folded aggregated proteins are associated with ——— and misfolded proteins form———
prion diseases,amyloid fibrils
18
which post transitional modification process is important in cell cell communication?
glycosylation
19
methylation is an important process of PTMs because it influences the availability of————for transcription
DNA
20
what causes zellweger syndrome ?
cells have small or absent peroxisome resulting from faults in transporting their specific enzymes to them from the endoplasmic reticulum
21
when signal peptide on the N terminal is removed in collagen biosynthesis we get______
pro peptide
22
when collagen peptidase remove the loose ends of pro collagen molecule————- is formed
Tripp collagen
23
what’s a probe
a single stranded polynucleotide of dna and rna
24
Extracellular water includes…..
plasma , interstitial water
25
The difference in percentage of water between cells depends on
metabolic activity and age of the cell
26
primary microcephaly is a brain disorder that is caused by mutation in ………
spindles
27
What do enzymes do to bond tropocollagen molecules in collagen biosynthesis?
Enzymes bond tropocollagen molecules to form the collagen fibril in collagen biosynthesis
28
What enzymes remove the “loose ends” of the pro-collagen molecule in collagen biosynthesis?
Collagen peptidases, membrane enzymes, remove the “loose ends” of the pro-collagen molecule in collagen biosynthesis.
29
What is removed during pro-peptide formation in collagen biosynthesis?
The signal peptide on the N-terminal is removed during pro-peptide formation in collagen biosynthesis.
30
People with this disease lack an enzyme that breaks down lipids, causing lipids accumulation in the brain and other parts of the nervous system.
tay sacks disease which is also an example of incomplete dominance
31
what’s pleiotropy and what could be a disease caused by its defect?
when one gene has a wide affect,marfan’s syndrome
32
in some cases this disease inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Some cases are inherited in X-linked recessive pattern, and some have some have mitochondrial inheritance pattern (maternal inheritance)
leigh syndrome
33
What is the cause of Xeroderma Pigmentosum?
Defect/deficiency in endonuclease enzyme (mutation in at least 9 genes) in nucleotide excision repair mechanism.Defect/deficiency in endonuclease enzyme (mutation in at least 9 genes) in nucleotide excision repair mechanism.
34
What effect does XP have on DNA when exposed to UV sunlight?
It allows thymine dimers formed upon exposure to UV sunlight to persist and block replication.
35
Why is cancer extremely common in individuals with XP?
XP leads to an inability to repair DNA, increasing the frequency of mutations. Cancer develops once proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes mutate.