ETHICS
問題一覧
1
Rules are specific guidelines or instructions created by an organization or authority to regulate behavior and activities.
True
2
Regulations are official rules and directives established by the government or regulatory body, typically with legal binding, to govern specific sectors or industries.
True
3
Ethos
- characteristic way of acting
- custom, habit, character or disposition
True
4
Ethos of Man
1. Distinguish between good and evil, right and wrong, moral and immoral.
2. Oblige to do what is good and to avoid what is evil.
3. Accountable for actions where much is expected of man to conduct himself to the “dictates of reason.”
True
5
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that studies the rightness or wrongness of a human action
-how human persons ought to act?
-what is the right conduct and the good life ?
True
6
Ethics
✓ practical science of the morality of human acts.
✓ practical science that guides us in our actions that
we may live rightly and well
✓ ethics is the investigation of life. It tells about human conduct and the morality of human acts.
True
7
Greek Tradition Ethics
Good life Happiness
“Being Happy”
True
8
ET H I C S
Judeo-Christian Tradition
Righteousness before God Love of God and Neighbor
“Doing what is right”
True
9
Ethics covers the following dilemmas
× how to live a good life;
× our rights and responsibilities;
× the language of right and wrong; and
× moral decisions - what is good and bad?
True
10
Atheistic
× There is no God who creates and rules the universe
× The concept of good and evil is relative and changeable
× Man is a matter and does not have spiritual dimension
× Man is free and must exercise his freedom to promote the welfare of society
× There is no life after death.
× Man is accountable only to the state.
True
11
Theistic
× God is the Supreme, Creator and Law giver.
× There are absolute principles of morality which
do not change
× Man has immortal soul that cannot die
× Man is free and must use his freedom to promote his personal and social interests along with his fellowmen
× Man deserves either a reward or punishment in this life or in the next.
× Man is accountable for his actions. Everything must conform to God’s eternal plan of creation.Theistic
× God is the Supreme, Creator and Law giver.
× There are absolute principles of morality which
do not change
× Man has immortal soul that cannot die
× Man is free and must use his freedom to promote his personal and social interests along with his fellowmen
× Man deserves either a reward or punishment in this life or in the next.
× Man is accountable for his actions. Everything must conform to God’s eternal plan of creation.
True
12
Normative ethics
what is right or wrong.
Meta-ethics
It looks at the origins and meaning of ethical principles
Applied ethics looks at controversial topics like war, animal rights and capital punishment
True
13
The Role of Ethics
1. Provide a moral map
2. Source of group strength
True
14
Importance of Ethics
▪ Itisingoodmoralcharacterthatmanfindshis-trueworthand perfection.
▪ Man as a rational being is a failure without morality.
▪ Supreme purpose of human being ties on the development of
moral qualities which lift man far above animal creation, not in
the acquisition of material goods or bodily pleasure
▪ The primary objective of education is the harmonious development of the whole man. Emphasis should be given on the moral training of students. The head, heart and the will should be trained for balanced development.
True
15
It is also important to note that ethics is not the same with morality
Ethics denotes the theory of right action and the greater good
× -Morality indicates practice that is the rightness or wrongness of a human action
True
16
ethics is the science of morals
morality is the practice of ethics
True
17
Moral standards are norms of actions believed to be right or wrong.
× set of rules accepted by the society.
× standards are values placed on the kinds of
objects believed to be good and bad.
× involved serious injuries or benefits
× based on impartial considerations
True
18
Non-Moral actions or events are areas of interest where moral categories cannot be applied.
× statements in the sciences (so-called "factual statements") are about nonmoral issues as well.
True
19
IMMORAL can be defined as a violation of a rule or code of ethics
× actions or events are areas of interest where moral categories cannot be applied.
True
20
AMORAL actions are those areas of interest exhibiting indifference to and not abiding by the moral rules or codes of society
True
21
Dilemmas
❑ is a situation where a person is forced to
choose between two or more conflicting options neither of which is acceptable
True
22
Moral Dilemmas
❑
❑
when dilemmas involve human actions which have moral implications
therefore these situations where persons who are called moral agents and ethics are forced to choose between two or more conflicting options but neither of which resolves the situation in a morally acceptable manner
True
23
three conditions that must be present for situations to be considered moral dilemmas
❑
first the person or the agent of a moral action is obliged to make a decision about which course of action is best
second there must be different courses of action to choose from
third no matter what course of action is taken some moral principles are always compromised
True
24
Categorized into the following:
❑ epistemic and ontological dilemmas
❑ self imposed and world imposed
dilemmas
❑ obligation dilemmas in prohibition
dilemmas and
❑ single agent and multi person
dilemmas
True
25
Epistemic Moral Dilemma
❑ involve situations where in two or more moral requirements conflict with each other and that the moral agent hardly knows which of the conflicting moral requirements takes priority over the other
True
26
Ontological Moral Dilemma
❑ involve situations where in two or more moral requirements conflict with each other yet neither of these conflicting moral requirements overrides each other
True
27
Self-imposed Moral Dilemma
❑ caused by the moral agents wrongdoings
True
28
World -imposed Moral Dilemma
❑ that certain events in the world placed the agent in a situation of moral conflict
True
29
Obligation Moral Dilemma
❑ situations in which more than one feasible action is obligatory
True
30
Prohibition Moral Dilemma
❑ involved cases in which all feasible actions are forbidden
True
31
Single-Agent Moral Dilemma
❑ the moral agent is compelled to act in two or more equally the same moral options but she cannot choose both
Multi-person Moral Dilemma
❑ occurs in situations that involve several persons like a family an organization or a community who is expected to come up with consensual decision on a moral issue
True
問題一覧
1
Rules are specific guidelines or instructions created by an organization or authority to regulate behavior and activities.
True
2
Regulations are official rules and directives established by the government or regulatory body, typically with legal binding, to govern specific sectors or industries.
True
3
Ethos
- characteristic way of acting
- custom, habit, character or disposition
True
4
Ethos of Man
1. Distinguish between good and evil, right and wrong, moral and immoral.
2. Oblige to do what is good and to avoid what is evil.
3. Accountable for actions where much is expected of man to conduct himself to the “dictates of reason.”
True
5
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that studies the rightness or wrongness of a human action
-how human persons ought to act?
-what is the right conduct and the good life ?
True
6
Ethics
✓ practical science of the morality of human acts.
✓ practical science that guides us in our actions that
we may live rightly and well
✓ ethics is the investigation of life. It tells about human conduct and the morality of human acts.
True
7
Greek Tradition Ethics
Good life Happiness
“Being Happy”
True
8
ET H I C S
Judeo-Christian Tradition
Righteousness before God Love of God and Neighbor
“Doing what is right”
True
9
Ethics covers the following dilemmas
× how to live a good life;
× our rights and responsibilities;
× the language of right and wrong; and
× moral decisions - what is good and bad?
True
10
Atheistic
× There is no God who creates and rules the universe
× The concept of good and evil is relative and changeable
× Man is a matter and does not have spiritual dimension
× Man is free and must exercise his freedom to promote the welfare of society
× There is no life after death.
× Man is accountable only to the state.
True
11
Theistic
× God is the Supreme, Creator and Law giver.
× There are absolute principles of morality which
do not change
× Man has immortal soul that cannot die
× Man is free and must use his freedom to promote his personal and social interests along with his fellowmen
× Man deserves either a reward or punishment in this life or in the next.
× Man is accountable for his actions. Everything must conform to God’s eternal plan of creation.Theistic
× God is the Supreme, Creator and Law giver.
× There are absolute principles of morality which
do not change
× Man has immortal soul that cannot die
× Man is free and must use his freedom to promote his personal and social interests along with his fellowmen
× Man deserves either a reward or punishment in this life or in the next.
× Man is accountable for his actions. Everything must conform to God’s eternal plan of creation.
True
12
Normative ethics
what is right or wrong.
Meta-ethics
It looks at the origins and meaning of ethical principles
Applied ethics looks at controversial topics like war, animal rights and capital punishment
True
13
The Role of Ethics
1. Provide a moral map
2. Source of group strength
True
14
Importance of Ethics
▪ Itisingoodmoralcharacterthatmanfindshis-trueworthand perfection.
▪ Man as a rational being is a failure without morality.
▪ Supreme purpose of human being ties on the development of
moral qualities which lift man far above animal creation, not in
the acquisition of material goods or bodily pleasure
▪ The primary objective of education is the harmonious development of the whole man. Emphasis should be given on the moral training of students. The head, heart and the will should be trained for balanced development.
True
15
It is also important to note that ethics is not the same with morality
Ethics denotes the theory of right action and the greater good
× -Morality indicates practice that is the rightness or wrongness of a human action
True
16
ethics is the science of morals
morality is the practice of ethics
True
17
Moral standards are norms of actions believed to be right or wrong.
× set of rules accepted by the society.
× standards are values placed on the kinds of
objects believed to be good and bad.
× involved serious injuries or benefits
× based on impartial considerations
True
18
Non-Moral actions or events are areas of interest where moral categories cannot be applied.
× statements in the sciences (so-called "factual statements") are about nonmoral issues as well.
True
19
IMMORAL can be defined as a violation of a rule or code of ethics
× actions or events are areas of interest where moral categories cannot be applied.
True
20
AMORAL actions are those areas of interest exhibiting indifference to and not abiding by the moral rules or codes of society
True
21
Dilemmas
❑ is a situation where a person is forced to
choose between two or more conflicting options neither of which is acceptable
True
22
Moral Dilemmas
❑
❑
when dilemmas involve human actions which have moral implications
therefore these situations where persons who are called moral agents and ethics are forced to choose between two or more conflicting options but neither of which resolves the situation in a morally acceptable manner
True
23
three conditions that must be present for situations to be considered moral dilemmas
❑
first the person or the agent of a moral action is obliged to make a decision about which course of action is best
second there must be different courses of action to choose from
third no matter what course of action is taken some moral principles are always compromised
True
24
Categorized into the following:
❑ epistemic and ontological dilemmas
❑ self imposed and world imposed
dilemmas
❑ obligation dilemmas in prohibition
dilemmas and
❑ single agent and multi person
dilemmas
True
25
Epistemic Moral Dilemma
❑ involve situations where in two or more moral requirements conflict with each other and that the moral agent hardly knows which of the conflicting moral requirements takes priority over the other
True
26
Ontological Moral Dilemma
❑ involve situations where in two or more moral requirements conflict with each other yet neither of these conflicting moral requirements overrides each other
True
27
Self-imposed Moral Dilemma
❑ caused by the moral agents wrongdoings
True
28
World -imposed Moral Dilemma
❑ that certain events in the world placed the agent in a situation of moral conflict
True
29
Obligation Moral Dilemma
❑ situations in which more than one feasible action is obligatory
True
30
Prohibition Moral Dilemma
❑ involved cases in which all feasible actions are forbidden
True
31
Single-Agent Moral Dilemma
❑ the moral agent is compelled to act in two or more equally the same moral options but she cannot choose both
Multi-person Moral Dilemma
❑ occurs in situations that involve several persons like a family an organization or a community who is expected to come up with consensual decision on a moral issue
True