問題一覧
1
What are the strengths of Baddeleys study
It has high reliability (can be replicated)
2
what conclusion did he come to that the long-term memory encode semantically or acoustically
semantically
3
What are the three units in the multi store model of memory?
sensory register, short term memory, long term memory
4
what is coding
The format in which information is stored in the memory
5
What did Miller say about short-term memory capacity
He wrote an article 7 4 -2 and concluded. The span of a median memory is seven, sometimes more sometimes less, and we chunk things together which is a strategy to remember.
6
how many participants were in the study?
24
7
what were the results for the photo recognition test?
If they were tested within 15 years, 90% accurate and after 48 years we called, dropped to about 70%
8
What is episodic memory?
Declarative, explicit and time stamped collection of sorts, behaviours, objects, people and places
9
What is the capacity of the short time memory?
5/9 chunks (Jacobs digit, span research, found a mean of 7.3/Miller said we chunk memories in STM)
10
what is semantic coding?
Means that information is stored in the forms of meaning of the experience
11
What is the capacity for the long time memory?
Unlimited
12
who came up with the working memory model and the year?
Baddeley and Hitch 1974
13
What is the coding for short time memory?
Acoustic
14
each of the groups were given ?
A slideshow of 10 words
15
what was the aim of Peterson and Peterson?
To investigate the duration of the short-term memory, and provide empirical evidence of the multi store model
16
Who wanted to investigate the duration of the long-term memory, and what was the year?
Bahrich et al 1975
17
What is the capacity of the sensory register?
Infinity
18
how many groups were the participants split into in Baddeleys study?
4
19
What is the sensory register?
It’s stores a huge amount of information from our senses for a brief amount of time about half a second
20
Who came up with the multi store model of memory and year
Atinson and shiffrin 1968
21
who wanted to investigate the duration of the short term memory and provide empirical evidence for the multi store model?
Peterson and Peterson 1959
22
What were the findings?
The longer the intervention delayed the less of the trigram was recalled. were able to recall 80% after 3 seconds, however, 18 seconds less than 10% recorded correctly.
23
What was the aim of Baddeley’s study
to find out if the long-term memory encodes, acoustically or semantically
24
what type of two conditions were the four groups were in?
acoustically similar, semantically similar
25
is this supportive or in support of research for the multi store model of memory? (HM underwent brain surgery to relieve his epilepsy, which involves removing his hippocampus. when his memory was assessed in 1955, he thought it was 1953. his long-term memory was tested over and over again, but never improved with practice. He would read the same magazine multiple times without remembering it. He couldn’t recall what he had eaten earlier the same day. However, he performed well on tests of immediate memory span. this supports that short time, memory and long-term memory or two unitary stores that are qualitatively different as proposed by the multi store model of memory. and they may even be stored in different parts of the brain. however, as this research was a unique case study of brain damage of an individual, it isn’t particularly strong in supporting for the multi store model of memory, as the results may not be generalised to other people.
supportive
26
what are the strengths of Peterson and Peterson
even though can’t be criticised about artificial but sometimes we do try to memorise fairly pointless meaningless things, e.g. phone numbers
27
What is duration?
The length of time information can be held in the memory store
28
How many participants were in Bahrick et al study and what age range were they?
392 American ex high school students, 17 to 74
29
weaknesses of of Bahrick et al ?
Conforming variables are not controlled e.g. participants may have looked at their yearbook photos and rehearse their memory over the years
30
What is the coding for the sensory register?
echoic/iconic
31
who was testing the encoding of the long-term memory and what year
Baddeley 1966
32
is this true or false (on each of the trials they were told to stop after a different amount of time between 3 to 18 seconds rehearsal intervention after they were told to stop and repeat the trigram)
True
33
What is long-term memory?
Your memory from events that happened in the past from anywhere between two minutes and 100 years ago, it is permanent memory store
34
what recall test does this best describe? (participants recalled names of as many of their former classmates as possible)
free recall test
35
What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
Visual cache - stores visual information. inner scribe - arrangement of objects in a field
36
what was Bahrick et al aim
To investigate the duration of the long-term memory
37
is this support Everton supporters of the multi store model of memory? (craik and watkins argue. There is more than one type of rehearsal maintenance rehearsal doesn’t transfer information to the long-term memory but elaborative rehearsal, (knowing meaning)
unsupportive
38
sensory register from the multi store model of memory perspective.
it is the memory store for each of the five senses, e.g. the iconic store for visual information on the echoic store for sound information. and each of the stores are coded differently, e.g. iconic visually echoic acoustically.
39
what are the weaknesses of Peterson and Peterson?
stimulus materials artificial, meaning the study lacked external validity
40
what are the features of the working memory?
central executive, phonological loop, visio spatial sketchpad , episodic buffer
41
What is the central executive?
Processes incoming information and advocates roles to the slave systems,limited capacity
42
What is the duration of the short time memory?
30 seconds
43
how many participants were there in Baddeleys study?
72
44
what did Atkinson and Shiffrin suggest memory was within the model?
They suggest that each store is different (unitary) and information is transferred from one store to another in a fixed linear sequence.
45
What were they given for each trial?
A constant syllable or trigram to remember and a three digit number
46
is this true or false (students were told to count backwards from numbers in either threes or fours until told to stop.)
True
47
What are the three types of long-term memory?
semantic memory, episodic memory, procedural memory
48
What is the duration of the sensory register?
Half a second
49
is this supportive or unsupportive of working memory model? (clinical support from KF case study. damage to short time, memory difficulty with verbal information, but recall words read to self. damage to phonological loop, not visuo-spatial sketchpad separate slave systems. however, I am reliable due to traumatic experiences.
Supportive
50
Watch recall test does this best describe? (where asked to identify former classmate in a set of photos where some were from their yearbook and some weren’t)
photo recognition test