English 9 Honors S1 Final: Vocab + Lit Terms

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sycophant (noun)

someone who uses flattery to try to get what he/she wants from an authority figure

pernicious (adjective)

intending to cause harm

ubiquitous (adjective)

appearing everywhere

non sequitur (noun)

a statement that does not logically follow a conservation's flow

diatribe (noun)

a forceful and bitter verbal attack

slipshod (adjective)

showing a lack of care or thought

nefarious (adjective)

wicked or criminal

affinity (noun)

a natural skill

precursor (noun)

a person or thing that comes before another of a similar kind

impregnable (adjective)

unable to be captured or broken into

demure (adjective)

shy or modest

jingoistic (adjective)

overly patriotic

implacable (adjective)

unable to be soothed

coquette (noun)

a woman who flirts to get what she wants

harangue (verb)

lecture at length in an aggressive way

bemoan (verb)

express discontent or sorrow over

misogynist (noun)

someone who hates women

abhor (verb)

hate

talisman (noun)

an object with magical powers to bring good luck

placid (adjective)

not easily upset or excited

bovine (adjective)

in the manner of a cow

facetious (adjective)

treating serious issues with inappropriate humor

contrite (adjective)

deeply remorseful for a bad action

erudite (adjective)

showing great knowledge or learning

anomaly (noun)

something that deviates from what is expected or normal

noxious (adjective)

very harmful

bilk (verb)

to cheat someone out of money

replete (adjective)

well-supplied with something

blasphemy (noun)

profane talk about Holy or scared things

absolution (noun)

formal release from guilt or punishment

cantankerous (adjective)

argumentative and uncooperative

deride (verb)

to verbally rip apart

debacle (noun)

a disaster

temerity (noun)

excessive or foolish boldness

ennui (noun)

dissatisfaction or exhaustion caused by boredom

abstain (verb)

restrain oneself from doing or enjoying something

haughty (adjective)

arrogantly superior

tenacious (adjective)

not letting go of or giving up on something one holds dear

acquiesce (verb)

accept something reluctantly, but without protest

lampoon (verb)

publicly ridicule

an insight about human life that's revealed in a literary work example: preserverence is necessary to achieve one's goals

theme

a classic pattern used in fiction that's guaranteed to satisfy most audiences

story-telling arc

the main character. The person for whom the reader roots example: Luke Skywalker

protagonist

the opponent who blocks the protagonist example: Darth Vader

antagonist

the vantage point from which a story is told

point of view/narration

always more than one word

theme

when the protagonist is actually a villain of the story, but we empathize anyway example: Walter White

antihero

a character who serves as a direct contrast to another character as a device to emphasize the qualities of the main character example: Dr. Watson to Sherlock Holmes

foil

first person

uses "I" pronoun

third-person limited

focus on one character only

third-person omniscient

all-knowing

third-person objective

journalistic/no inner thoughts

second person

uses "you" pronoun

credible sources/your credibility (rhetoric)

ethos

touching reader's emotions (rhetoric)

pathos

using logical arguments/facts to prove point (rhetoric)

logos

The writer's attitude toward the character, subject, and audience of a story examples: serious, indifferent

tone

the climate or feeling of a literary work examples: romantic, otherworldly

mood

a genre of literature that depicts the real world with an undercurrent of magic or fantasy. It is basically a genre that treats fantastical as not just possible, but realistic

magical realism

an original model of a person, a perfect example, or just a prototype upon which others are copied; a universally recognized symbol examples: the hero, the evil villain, the socially awkward gamer

archetype

the way a writer reveals information about a character

characterization

things told to us

direct characterization

things we conclude

indirect characterization

comparison using connective wording, such as "like," "as," or "resembles" example: the goalie was solid as a rock

simile

comparison that doesn't use connective wording example: The goalie was a rock

metaphor

a metaphor that continues beyond the first comparison sentence. Could be an entire work

extended metaphor

a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself and that also stands for something more than itself example: water=life, night=fear, purple=royalty

symbolism

in general, a discrepancy between expectation and reality

irony

statements that imply a meaning in opposition to their literal meaning

verbal irony

actions taken have an effect exactly opposite from what was intended

situational irony

in literature, this occurs when the audience knows an unwitting character is making a mistake. Often, these actions cause our guts to churn

dramatic irony

when a writer gives an animal or inanimate object human traits example: the chair groaned under the man's weight

personification

a fancier phrase for "personification"

pathetic fallacy

the use of hints/clues to suggest what will happen later

foreshadow

a scene that interrupts the normal narrative timeline in order to provide information about something that happened earlier in the story

flashback

a ridiculous exaggeration. Can be used for comic effect, but usually rather annoying example: I've told you a million times.... the greatest American novel of all time...

hyperbole

a sentence with one independent clause example: The full title of Mary Shelley's novel is Frankenstein; or the Modern Prometheus.

simple sentence

a sentence that contains two or more independent clauses example: Promethues stole fire from the gods in order to bring wisdom to mankind, and Shelley's gruesome tale was influenced by that ancient Greek myth.

compound sentence

a sentence that contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses example: Because Shelly borrows from the table of Prometheus a sense of consequence resulting from seeking enlightenment and power, Victor is her modern incarnation of Prometheus.

complex sentence

a sentence that contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses example: Even though Prometheus thought he was doing the world a favor, the gods were angry, so they chained him to a rock where an eagle ate his liver out every day.

compound-complex sentence

use a comma to separate independent clauses

He walked down the street, and then he turned the corner.

use a comma after an introductory word or phrase or prepositional phrase four words+

At the boys' camp, John learned to swim.

use a comma between all items in a series

We bought apples, peaches, and bananas today.

use commas to set off nonrestrictive/nonessential clauses

John, who spent the last three days fishing, is back on the job again.

use a comma to set off appositives (renames a noun)

Alexander Pope, the Restoration poet, is famous for his monologues

use a comma to indicate direct address

I think you're right, John.

use commas to set off direct quotations

Derek said, "I dislike concerts because the music is too loud."

use a comma for a complex sentence beginning with the subordinate clause

When I stopped at the grocery store, I found a new type of cereal to try.

use a comma to separate coordinate adjectives

Slippery, treacherous roads are common after a big snowfall.

use commas with dates, addresses, titles, and numbers

10,000

Narrative story that conveys a difficult, abstract, or complex message. A story within a story

allegory

information included for actors and directors about the sets and characters-often in parentheses or italics

stage directions

many traits (like a disco ball)

round character

very few traits

flat character

changes from the beginning to the end of the story

dynamic character

remains the same throughout the story

static character

is this format correct? independent clause, FANBOYS independent clause

is this format correct? FANBOYS dependent clause, independent clause

yes

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