Done before instruction

Defines learners' entry behavior

Assesses the needs of the learners to have basis in planning for a relevant instruction.

Determines the knowledge and skills a student possesses which are necessary at the beginning of the instruction in a given subject area.

Determines mastery of prerequisite skills.

Teachers use this assessment to know what their students are bringing into the learning situation and use this as a starting point for instruction

The results of this assessment place students in specific learning groups to facilitate teaching and learning.

is used to aid learning

Usually done during instruction

Monitors learning progress during instruction

Provides continuous and immediate feedback to both the students and teachers concerning learning success and failure or as to how well the material is being taught and learned

It is assessment where teachers continuously monitor the students' level of attainment of the learning objectives.

The results of this assessment are communicated clearly and promptly to the students for them to know their strength and weaknesses and the progress of their learning

Reinforces successful learning

Identifies specific learning errors that are in need of correction

Tells us how well the student is doing as work progresses.

Diagnoses learning difficulties during instruction

Determines students recurring difficulties

Determines students persistent difficulties

Searches for the underlying causes of students' learning problems that do not respond to first aid treatment

Tells us what the student needs to learn.

Helps formulate a plan for detailed remedial instruction.

Assessment of learning aka

Done after instruction

Assesses students' achievement at the end of instruction

Certifies what the students know and can do

Tells us how well the students did at the end of a unit or task.

Determines the extent to which the instructional objectives have been achieved.

The information from assessment of learning is usually expressed as marks or letter grades.

The results of which are communicated to students, parents, and other stakeholders for decision-making.

A powerful factor that could pave the way for educational reforms

This is done for teachers to understand and perform well their role of assessing for and of learning.

Requires teachers to undergo training on how to assess learning and be equipped with the competencies needed in performing their work as assessors.

Certifies what the students know and can do and the level of their proficiency or competency.