A usually traditi story of ostensibly historical events that serves to unfold part of the world view of a people or explain a practice, belief, or natural phenomenon

Also known from greek word "soul and mind"

The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context

Associated with their breath and movement

Seeing and was responsible for reasoning

External threat and was responsible for courage

Midriff and responsible for strength

Heart and responsible for passion, including fear

The father of Western Philosophy

"Know thyself"

The socratic method (also known as method of Elenchus, elenctic method, or Socratic debate)

Conceives the soul as a knower. The concepts of the self and knowledge are inextricably connected.

Student of Socrates

For _ , the human person is composed of a body and soul.

Three parts of SOUL

You should know what is right and wrong thing

Emotions (greek "emove" to express)

Physical wants or need and desire

according to Plato, was the highest and ultimate aim of both moral thought and behaviour.

The Soul is the Essence of the Self

believes that the soul is merely a set of defining features and does not consider the body and soul as separate entities. He suggests that anything with life has a soul.

Three kinds of soul

Includes the physical body that can grow

Includes sensual desires, feelings, and emotions

Is what makes man human. It includes the intellect that allows man to know and understand things

He believed that man is bifurcate (divided into two branches) in nature, which is our physical body and the soul. One aspect of us is imperfect and worldly while the other is capable of divinity and immortality.

He believes that the goal of each person is to be with God again someday and achieve divinity and in order to that we must live our lives virtuously.

was the religion that Augustine bought into in the first part of his life. It's founder, Mani, conceived of himself as some kind of Christian.

“Founder of Modern Philosophy”

was more concerned with understanding the thinking process we use to answer questions.

Cogito, ergo ( I think therefore I am )

Is the first principle of Descartes’s theory of knowledge

was one of the philosophers who were against the Cartesian theory that soul accounts for personal identity.

speaks of personal identity and survival of consciousness after death

posits an “empty” mind, a tabula rasa, which is shaped by experience, and sensations and reflections being the two sources of all our ideas.

The "self" is the totality of a person's conscious life

"I never can catch myself at any time without a perception, and never can observe anything but the perception”

Two Kinds of Consciousness of Self

_, according to Kant, the means by which we are aware of alterations in our own state. Hence all moods, feelings, and sensations, including such basic alterations as pleasure and pain, are the proper subject matter

to denote the capacity for the awareness of some state or modification of one’s self as a state. For one capable of _, there is a difference between feeling pain, and thus having an inner sense of it, and apperceiving that one is in pain, and thus ascribing, or being able to ascribe, a certain property or state of mind to one’s self.

According to _, the Self is multi-layered. According to _, these two levels of human functioning—the conscious and the unconscious—differ radically both in their content and in the rules and logic that govern them.

contains basic instinctual drives including sexuality, aggressiveness, and self destruction; traumatic memories; unfulfilled wishes and childhood fantasies; thoughts and feelings that would be considered socially taboo.

is governed by the “reality principle” (rather than the “pleasure principle”), and at this level of functioning, behavior and experience are organized in ways that are rational, practical, and appropriate to the social environment.

believes that our behavior makes us who we are.

He further claimed that "our knowledge of other crack-consciousnesspeople and ourselves depends on noticing how they and we behave"

Who believes that the mind is the brain and that over time a mature neuroscience vocabulary will replace the “folk psychology” that we currently use to think about ourselves and our minds.

He begins by acknowledging that a simple identity formula—mental states = brain states—is a flawed way in which to conceptualize the relationship between the mind and the brain

we need to develop a new, neuroscience based vocabulary that will enable us to think and communicate clearly about the mind, consciousness, and human experience. He refers to this view as _

He believes that the definition of he Self is all about one's perception of his or her experience and how we interpret those experiences.

He believes that the mind and body is intertwined or connected and that they cannot be separated from one another

In _, people has pysches, which survived their bodily deaths

Both of them combined what today we would call science with an Orphic-style mysticism.

Also espoused rebirth, or transmigration, and was said to have been able to remember what happened in many of his previous incarnations.

Was preoccupied with medicine rather than mathematics. Admired widely as a miracle worker, he was said to have cured illness by the power of music. He was also said to have restored the dead to life.

12 Philosophers

Dualistic Nature