- about having a concrete body, and having the ability to carry out physical activities.

- person’s capability to think critically, rationally and logically.

- person’s ability to read, write, and talk to others.

- person’s ability to engage and interact with others.

ability of the brain to react or show the outcome (result) on what our body may feeland perceive information.

father of psychoanalytic theory

the scanner that allows you to perceive an event or trigger a need to react.

storage point for any recent memories needed for quick recall.

where all of your memories and past experiences reside.

- Unwritten rules or common laws. - a rule of behavior and a guide to conduct (James Chris). - Statements that regulates behavior. - Principle of right action binding upon members of a group. - Belongs to the conscious level.

abnormal behavior

give the 3 psychoanalytic theory

o Sometimes known as “convention” or “customs” o Standards of behavior that is socially approved but not morally significant.

o Norms of morality that have to be followed, otherwise, people who share the same culture will be offended.

o Prohibited or restricted by social custom.

formal body of rules enacted by the state

knowing what is morally good and bad.

- Something desirable, worth having, worth possessing, worth keeping and worth doing (Maximo Torrento).

a social being, that needs to interact and socialize with others.

o Person’s of who he is, his body, and his basic identity.

social concept of what it means to be who he is.

two faces of self

give the concept of human behavior

ability of a human to reason that separates him from all other living organisms.

who said that human nature involved reasoning and nobody willingly chooses to do wrong.

who said that human behavior flows from desire, emotion and knowledge.

- Study of human mind and behavior. - People are considered as living machines who receive information from the world.

- Explains that society is a system having parts which connected and related - Human behavior is formed in the process of socialization.

- made in order to understand the grounds of criminal behavior. - From the greek word “theoria” which means “contemplation or speculation” - statement that explains the relationship between abstract concepts in a meaningful way

- the systematic set of interrelated statements or principles that explain aspects of social life.

three stages of developmental theory

- attempts to explain what is happening.

- gathers descriptive data to describe what is really happening.

- revises old theories and develops new ones.

three kinds of reasoning

abductive reasoning is also known as

- A tentative assumption made in order to draw put and test its logical or empirical consequences.

formula of crime by david abrahamsen

- product of the individual’s tendencies and the situation of the moment interacting with his mental resistance

“Let the punishment fit the crime." - an attempt to reform the legal system and to protect the accused against harsh and arbitrary action

founder of classical school

greatest happiness of the greatest number.

- involved weighing of pleasure versus pain

Let the children and lunatic criminals be exempted from punishment." - children, lunatics, and others were not legally responsible for their actions.

founder of neo-classical school

“Let the punishment fit the criminal." - they need to be treated instead of being punished. - Scientific method to study criminal while rejecting the legal definition of crimes

founder of positivist

o founder of the criminal anthropology o Italian criminologist who explain that criminals commit crime because they are mentally ill, sick, and distracted, that why they need to be treated instead of being punished.

o rejected the free will doctrine o noted the concept of a "criminal presupposes the concept of "crime."

the roots of criminal behavior is in their psychological equivalents

o stated that "crime must be studied in the offender" o "a person responsible for his actions by the fact that he is a member of society, not because he is capable of willing an illegal act"

- the idea that criminals manifest physical anomalies

6 perspectives of crime causation

three priciple of punishment

o views crime as a product of situational forces

o crime as the product of internal forces

o crime is a product of socialization or interaction o crime is a function of upbringing, learning

o crime based on economic and political force o crime is a function of competition for limited resources and power

o explain the onset of antisocial behavior (aggression and violence)

o criminal behavior was the product of "unconscious forces operating within a person's mind"

o occurring suddenly or within a very short time.

o the idea that people must know that they will be punished for their illegal behavior

o punishment that is severe enough to outweigh the rewards

- persistent neurotic impulse to steal

- emphasized that criminal behavior results from a complex interplay of social and biological factors.

- also known as determinism - which stresses that behaviors are determined by factors beyond the control

- viewed that both thought and behavior have biological and social bases. - the interaction between predisposition and environment that produces criminality

three research/study

o the relationship between antisocial behavior and biochemical makeup

antisocial behavior allegedly peaks in the teenage years because hormonal activity is at its highest level during this period.

o brain and nervous system of the offenders.

- which controls the brain chemistry, is the key to understanding violence and aggression

- are chemical compounds that influence brain activity

defined as the damage to the brain itself

individuals who share the same genes are alike in personality

- explains the existence of aggression and violent behavior as positive adaptive behaviors in human evolution.

- which suggests that a subpopulation of men has evolved with genes and become sexually aggressive

based upon their reproductive drives

reproduce rapidly, person who is cunning and deceptive

reproduce slowly, people who is cooperative and sensitive to thers

- the act to satisfied the needs - those who require more stimulation may act in an aggressive manner to meet their needs

- also known as Developmental Theory - criminal behavior is a dynamic process influenced by individual characteristics as well as social experiences, that cause antisocial behaviors change dramatically over a person's life span. - also recognizes that as people mature, the factors that influence their behavior change.

- defined as a stable feature

founder of jukes family

mother of all criminals and also known as margaret

founder of kalikkak family

- which associates body physique to behavior and criminality

founder of somatotyping theory

3 types of somatotype

4 types of physique type

- any of several psychological disorders of mood characterized usually by alternating episodes of depression and mania. - also known as bipolar disorder.

- is a mental disorder that is characterized by disturbances in thought (such as delusions), perception (such as hallucinations)

schizophrenia is also known as

- he examined the relationship between personality and physical type, with regards to criminal behavior

what are the 5 areas by earnest hooton

he suggested that human somatotype (body shape and physique) can determine which type of crime a person will commit

- deals with the study of facial features and their relation to human behavior.

founded the school on human physiognomy

- the study of the conformation of the skull

founder of phrenology