問題一覧
1
Assist activation of CD8, NK, and B-cells
Helper T-Cells (CD4)
2
Help prevent autoimmune response
Regulator T-Cells (CD4)
3
Binds to antigens surface and destroys infected cell
Cytotoxic T-Cells (CD8)
4
Occurs in bone marrow, have antigen binding sites, produces daughter cells that produce plasma cells (Ab factories), and secrete IgM specific to the antigen.
B-Cell
5
IgM 7 days after exposure, IgG represents 75% of Abs, levels will gradually decrease.
Primary B-Cell Response
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Subsequent exposure leads to IgG produced quickly in large amounts, levels remain elevated.
Secondary B-Cell Response
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Best complement activating antibody.
IgM
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Best Opsonin Antibody
IgG
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Antibodies Protect Through…
Neutralization, Agglutination, Precipiation, Opsonization
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antibodies block antigen receptors
Direct Effects
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Antibodies responsible for activating innate immunity, complement, phagocytes
Indirect Effects
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Produced after antigen exposure, requires host immune system response, long term memory.
Acquired Immunity
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Antibodies transferred from donor to recipient, no host immune response required, temporary protection.
Passive Immunity
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Has a role in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and graft rejection after transplant.
MHC
15
Most common secretory antibody
IgA
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Lacrimal, Salivary, Bronchial, Breast, GI, GU glands/tissue
Secretory Immune Response
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Small amounts of antibodies move through placenta during…
1st trimester
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when fetal antibodies = maternal antibodies
37-40 weeks
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Leukocytes less lethal and effective, T and B cell production takes 6-8 months.
Immature Immune System at Birth
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Antibodies in breast milk
IgA, IgG, IgM
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Link between chronic illness and chronic inflammation.
Inflammaging
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IgE mediated involves allergies
Type I
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Tissue specific, hemolytic reactions (drugs, hemolytic disease of newborn)
Type II
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Immune complex, gluten allergies, SLE
Type III
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Cell Mediated, transplant rejection
Type IV
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Histamine acts on this receptor to stop degranulation
H2
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Two Types of Histamine Receptors
H1 (lungs) and H2 (GI)
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Individuals have more IgE and mast cell receptors for IgE
Atopic
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multiple exposures needed to build up antibodies to cause hypersensitivity
Sensitization
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Small amounts of antigen over long time period leads to build up of IgG to help suppress IgE
Desensitization
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Lab test ANA, typically deposited in kidneys, vessels, connective tissue, heart, brain.
SLE
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Activates CD4, CD8 and T-lymphocytes
MHC
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Recipient + donor dendritic cells trigger cytokines that activate macrophages and CD8
Acute Rejection
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Ongoing inflammation, damage to endothelial cells of transplant. Antibodies against HLA activate complement and cytotoxins.
Chronic Rejection