Division of bacterial cells occurs mainly through

Process of binary fission

Long process of binary fission

Is the process of forming a cross wall between 2 daughter cells

Is an anchor that connects the FtsZ ring to the cytoplasmic membrane and stabilizes it (for stabilization)

Is a protein related to the Actin, an important cytoskeletal protein in eukaryotes

FtsA is a protein related to

Penicillin-binding protein

Forms a helix of filaments around the inside of the cell wall, just below the cytoplasmic membrane

Localizes the synthesis of new cell wall to specific locations along the long axis of a rod-shaped cell during growth, which allows new cell walls to form at several points along the cell rather than from a single location at your FtsZ site (encircled) outward.

Is a vibrio-shaped species of Proteobacteria, that produces a shape-determining protein called crescentin in addition to MreB.

The protein Caulobacter crescentus produce

Shape of Caulobacter crescentus

The number of your microbial cells doubles in a constant time interval.

Phases of bacterial growth curve

An organism in an enclosed vessel cannot grow exponentially indefinitely, suggesting that the bacterial growth curve presented above can only occur in bacteria given the provided setting of

This phase is characterized by vigorous metabolic activity of cells yet no division is observed or happening, hence zero (0) growth rate.

This phase can last for minutes up to hours.

This phase is characterized by rapid cell division.

β-Lactam antibiotics, which are bactericidal agents that interrupt bacterial cell-wall formation, are most effective in this phase.

This phase is characterized by zero (0) growth rate due to lack of nutrition by depletion.

This is also when toxic products cause growth to slow until the number of new cells produced balances or equal the number of cells that died (new cells = # of cells that died).

In addition, bacterial spores are produced in this phase by bacteria like Bacillus and Clostridium.

This phase is characterized by a marked decline in the number of viable bacteria.

In this phase, the growth rate is negative.

Temperature requirement of Bacteria

This is the lowest temperature that permits a microbe's growth and metabolism.

This is the highest temperature that permits a microbe's growth and metabolism.

This is the temperature that promotes the fastest rate of growth and metabolism of a microbe.

Optimum temp - between -5 to 15° C

Usually found in environments like arctic and antarctic regions

Psychrophile are usually found in

Temperature psychrophile can tolerate

Example of Psychrophile

Optimum temp - between 20 to 30°C but grows well at lower temp

Important cause of food spoilage

Temperature psychrotrophs can tolerate

Optimum temp - between 20 to 30°C; Grows best at 30 to 37°C

Most organisms are categorize under this temperature

Example of Mesophile

Optimum temp - 50 to 60°C

Temperature thermophile can tolerate

Example of Thermophile

Optimum temp - Can grow well above the temperature of boiling water which exists under high pressure in the depths of the ocean

Temperature hyperthermophile can tolerate

Example of Hyperthermophile

Temperature that is optimal for many free living forms

Oxygen requirement for bacteria

Require oxygen to grow and replicate

Oxygen is harmful to them or they only use little oxygen

(+) O2 required

Example of Obligate aerobe

(-)/(+) O2 not required but they grow better with O2

Example of Faculltative aerobe

(-) O2 not required and its presence is harmful or lethal to the bacteria

Example of Obligate Anaerobe

Under anaerobes, (-) O2 not required and not utilized

Example of Aerotolerant

(-) O2 required is only at levels lower than atmospheric pressure

Required level is less than 0.2 atm

Example of Microaerophile

Required pH of Bacteria

Grows between pH 0 and 5.5 (pH < 5.5)

Grows between pH 5.5 and 8

Grows between pH 8 and 11.5

pH Acidophiles have

pH Neutrophiles have

pH Alkalophiles have

Example of Acidophiles

Example of Neutrophiles

Example of Alkalophiles

Is the solvent of life and an important factor affecting the growth of microorganisms

Require osmolarity of Bacteria

Microorganisms that inhabit marine environments that have a NaCl requirement and typically grow optimally at the water activity of seawater.

Microorganisms that can tolerate some level of dissolved solutes but grow best in the absence of the added solute.

Organisms that are able to grow in high sugar environments.

Organisms that are able to grow in very dry environments.

Require nutrition of bacteria

Required in large quantities; play principal roles in cell structures and metabolism.

Required in small amounts; involved in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure.

Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms and are usually the products of living things.

Atom or molecule that contains a combination of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen

Example of Macronutrients

Example of Micronutrients

Example of Organic nutrients