Among the objectives established by the 12 nations forming the NATO military alliance in 1949, which one was initially not among the foremost goals:

At the Vilnius Summit, NATO allies unanimously committed to dedicating a minimum of 2 percent of their GDP to defense. What overarching objective did this agreement seek to achieve:

According to NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, why is speed crucial in delivering military assistance to Ukraine?

What was the Soviet Union's response to NATO's decision to admit West Germany in 1955?

For non-NATO countries interested in NATO membership, what function did the Partnership for Peace (P4P) serve?

What strategic advantage did Madeleine Albright perceive in bringing Eastern European countries into European institutions after the collapse of the Soviet Union?

In the last decade, within NATO's involvement in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), what is the primary objective concerning the alliance's core tasks of crisis management and cooperative security?

This initiative advises partner countries on defense and security reform, institution-building, and local force development through education and training:

How does NATO's new Strategic Concept signify a specific shift in deterrence strategy, departing from the concept of "trip-wire deterrence"?

To deepen ties with Indo-Pacific partners, NATO developed "tailored partnership programs" on these joint issues:

What window of opportunity is described as the "demographic dividend"?

According to the World Bank study, what are the four "I"s crucial for boosting economic growth in Africa?

Which African country saw the most progress in primary education completion rates between 1999 and 2015, attributing success to increased school infrastructure and teacher recruitment spending?

According to the CIA World Factbook, what has been a significant factor contributing to the struggles in Libya's economy since 2014, leading to the growth of a shadow economy and inflation?

By mid-century, which African region is projected to experience a population increase, nearly doubling to surpass 2 billion?

How did the policies of former Tanzanian President John Magufuli impact the country'spopulation?

What transformation in the economic system is suggested as Sub-Saharan Africa undergoes a demographic transition?

What potential outcomes are highlighted if Africa continues to experience the departure of its highly productive workforce with low fertility levels?

In John Bongaarts' research on fertility in African countries, which factor, among income, education, mortality, and urbanization, consistently shows significance in driving fertility, contraceptive use, and desired family size?

What potential consequence is highlighted if the projected doubling of Africa's population by 2050 is not accompanied by the creation of 18-20 million jobs over the next 25 years?

Which among the following countries is notably absent from the BRICS consortium, an alliance created to help "advance the agenda of the Global South"?

How did the Brandt Line initially divide the world in terms of the Global North and Global South?

Which region(s) in the Global South are currently experiencing the highest rates of urban population growth?

The increase of the urban population in the Global South is largely due to:

Countries that depend heavily on resource exports and not industrialization, have seen urbanization progress in these concentrated areas:

Which region in the Global South faces the highest levels of PM2.5 pollution due to rapid urbanization?

The war in Ukraine has harmed the Global South in all the following ways, EXCEPT:

Given the changing diplomatic dynamics between the United States and Venezuela since late 2022, what major factor plays a significant role in shaping U.S. involvement with Venezuela?

Countries of the G7 make up 10% of the world population, while BRICS countries are home to __ of the world population.

What institution did BRICS put forward to help finance development projects in member states?What institution did BRICS put forward to help finance development projects in member states?

Unlike other forms of diplomacy, why does sports diplomacy have no barrier?

How has the International Olympic Committee been instrumental in starting several political arguments?

How did a football match contribute to diplomatic relations between El Salvador and Honduras?

This diplomatic approach paved the way for President Richard Nixon to establish relations with China:

Which of the following major sporting events resulted in a positive shift in a nation's international image?

What three main components makeup Qatar's approach to 'football diplomacy' on a global level?

What specific objective did Russia seek to achieve on the international stage through hosting the Olympic Winter Games in Sochi in 2014?

Before undergoing a democratic transition, this country experienced international exclusion from sports competitions, representing a form of sports isolation:

Which intergovernmental organization has seen each of its member countries hosting major sporting events, thereby gaining global recognition?

In conjunction with the U.S. State Department, how many Olympians and Paralympians have participated as diplomatic sports envoys?

This mountain range runs northward into North Korea, and forms the country's drainage divide:

This cultural phenomenon is considered the harbinger of South Korean culture's global impact:

How does the Yoon administration differ from the Moon government regarding its foreign policy approach?

What act passed by the Biden administration left Koreans feeling "backstabbed" in August 2022?

Which country's marginalization of South Korea could undermine its efforts to be seen as an Indo-Pacific player?

Which Korean company extensively participates in economic activities with Vietnam and contributes to 20% of the overall export volume?

What is NOT an initiative under the NSP Prosperity Pillar?

Which once-dominant culture continues to influence Korean family, work, and social life?

The campaign "Global Korea" initiated under the Lee administration aimed to:

Which President played a key role in initiating the Korean wave by encouraging sports, K-dramas, and other forms of entertainment?

Policymakers have made a commitment im to accelerate Europe's green transition through which post-pandemic recovery plan?

How does the Green Deal differentiate from other international climate plans?

This fund is designed to support European regions where the impact will be greatest during the energy transition:

Some EU nations are considering nuclear power as a means to support a sustainable future. Which countries are in the process of decommissioning their existing nuclear reactors but might be open to new nuclear energy projects?

Even though 'Renovate' is the smallest green flagship, these countries diverge from the trend by allocating a significantly higher share to improving their building stocks.

In the EU, the 'Power up' priority has been allocated around a quarter of spending; how does this allocation differ in countries like Cyprus, Czechia, and Poland?

Transition to a carbon-neutral economy (CNE) is expected to adversely affect the poor and vulnerable due to increased prices in which three essential areas?

What is one potential impact of the movement of skilled labor from lagging regions to more prosperous ones, particularly in the context of green technologies and sustainable economic activities?

What is NOT part of the proposed revision of the EU legislation on Packaging and Packaging Waste?

When faced with the cessation of gas supply from Russia, which energy source, previously pledged for abandonment by the European Union, did the EU return to in 2022?

Which of the following best represents examples of Track II diplomacy initiatives and activities?

How did the Women in Peacebuilding Network (WIPNET) and the Mano River Women's Peace Network (MARWOPNET) collaborate in Liberia?

In 1999, 12 Burmese women's organizations united to form a multi-ethnic umbrella organization, Women's League of Burma (WLB). WLB has become a leading voice in international networking, political empowerment, and peacebuilding. Its member organizations are geared toward focusing on:

How significant is the involvement of women in informal peace processes?

This campaign, led by Leymah Gbowee, was instrumental in bringing Liberia's second civil war to an end in 2003.

How did the South Sudan Women Coalition's strategic mechanisms, such as the "preparation mechanism" and "feedback mechanism," contribute to influencing the formal peacebuilding process?

In Tajikstan, every round of the Inter-Tajik Dialogue, which was formed from within the civil conflict to design a peace process for Tajikistan, involved on average ___ women.

In 2019, regional women's networks created this network to strengthen cooperation among networks, amplify common goals, and support women's participation in peace processes.

In the 1990s, what types of coalitions actively pushed for wider inclusion of women in diplomacy, involving states, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), and non-governmental organizations (NGOs)?

This network of civil society leaders also served as formal observers and signatories of the 2015 Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan and as members of the Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission:

The arrival of artificial intelligence (Al) in the workplace is increasingly referred to as:

In the context of Al-enabled workforce ecosystems, which of the following policy issues is associated with favoring capital over labor investment?

In the European Union, most firms used Al for all the following EXCEPT:

The belief that robots are unlikely to replace agricultural workers in the near future is primarily attributed to:

The introduction of this tool in 2022 shifted Al into the spotlight, transforming its focus to cater to consumers:

Utilizing voice-tone recognition in call centers to improve customer interactions and staff management, which form of Al is expected to gain popularity?

What two industries in the US have the highest percentage of workers using some form of Al adoption?

Why are low-income countries at risk of limited benefits from GPT technologies, despite having up to 13 percent of employment in the potential augmentation category?

Typical automation technologies have decreased demand for this group of occupations:

In high-income countries, what percentage of female jobs is estimated to be potentially automatable with generative Al technology?

Which nation escalated tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, bringing them perilously close to direct conflict during the Cold War in both 1967 and 1973?

Following the Gulf War, two key dimensions shaped U.S. primacy in the Middle East. One involved the confrontation with Iraq; what was the other dimension, requiring the U.S. to find a solution to a long-standing regional conflict?

What event led Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates to launch a blockade of Qatar?

The bilateral agreements on Arab-Israeli normalization signed between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain is known as the:

Under the Obama administration, what event revealed the limitations of U.S. primacy in the Middle East?

What international agreement, adopted on June 19, 2023, is the first single instrument addressing biodiversity on the high seas as a whole?

Considering maritime law, what distinguishes an "Exclusive Economic Zone" (EEZ) from other oceanic zones?

This organization was the first international marine scientific organization in the world:

Which section of the High Seas Treaty specifically addresses the establishment of marine protected areas through a state-led procedure?

Which principle was intensely debated during the formulation of the High Seas Treaty, ultimately reconciled by reference to "the precautionary principle or precautionary approach, as appropriate"?

Which Indian state, promptly dismissed by India, was portrayed as Chinese territory on the 2023 "standard map," justified as part of China's routine exercise of sovereignty?

Under a deal reached in October, the US lifted sanctions on Venezuela's oil, gas, and gold industries in exchange for:

In September, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger signed the Alliance of Sahel States mainly in response to:

What caused South Korea to suspend parts of a 2018 military pact with North Korea that aimed at reducing tensions between the two countries?

In September, Azerbaijani forces displaced over 100,000 ethnic Armenians from their homes in this historically Armenian enclave within Azerbaijani territory:

What event led to Israel declaring war, dropping bombs on Gaza, and engaging in fierce fighting near the border areas, resulting in over 1,100 casualties?

This country's parliament passed a landmark bill that will reserve one-third of its seats for women in the lower house and state assemblies:

Which proposed constitutional change, rejected by 59% of Australians in a recent vote, was criticized by opponents who argued that it would undermine Australia's sovereignty?