Indicators of the body’s physiological status and response to physical activity, environmental conditions and emotional stressors

Vital signs establish baseline values for

Factors of vital signs

Response to activity

Why take VS

Body temperature is usually _____ in the early morning and _______ in the afternoon

Body temperature tends to ________ slightly with agr and is _______ slightly in the very young

Body temperature may _____ slightly in a hot environment and ______ slightly in a cold environment

Body temperature _________ with a major or systemic infectious process

Body temperature usually ______ slightly with physical activity but ___________ as the person becomes better conditioned

Body temperature _________ during stressful or emotional periods

Body temperature values are slightly higher if measured in the _____ and slightly lower if measured in the ______ when compared with _______ values

Body temperature is slightly higher at the time of _______, and a pregnant woman’s body temp tends to be slightly ______ than usual

Body temperature measurement may be inaccurate if measured orally within ____________ mins of ingestioj of warm or cold substances

Human oral core or body temperature

Most generally accepted single value

Human rectal temperature

Fever

Pyrexic

Hyperpyrexic

Body temp alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal temperatures

Elevated body temp that fluctuates more than 3.6f(2c) within 24 hr period but remains above normal

Periods of fever are interspersed with normal temperatures

Each last at least one day

Recurrent fever

Body temp may fluctuate slightly but is constantly elevated above normal

A person whose body temperature is elevated before treatment can continue with the exercise

A person whose body temperature is lower than normal BEFORE treatment should be _______ to be certain the treatment is tolerated and to determine whether the temperature changes during or at the conclusion of the activity

A patient whose body temperature becomes _______ than normal DURING treatment may also be demonstrating an abnormal response to treatment

Two or three ______ __________ should be taken

Most common and convenient location to measure a person’s temp

Most accurate measurement of body temp

Used for infants or young children who are unable to maintain the thermometer under the tongue or safely hold it between the lips

For unconscious patients or for patients who are unable to maintain the thermometer in the mouth

Least desirable sites because air currents may reduce the accuracy of the measurement

Measures body temp on the basis of HEAT generated by the ear canal and its sureounding tissue

Useful for infants, toddlers and older persons for whom it is difficult to use an oral thermometer

Require batteries as the power source and disposable lens filters are used

Ear thermometer: the ______ _______ should be cleaned thoroughly or discarded after each use to prevent cross contamination or false reading of the unit

Temperature value is obtained from a liquid crystal display in a window on one side of the thermometer

When a person has been lying on his or her ear, that should not be used for measurement until it has been exposed to the air for _________ so the ear canal temp can become stable

If the temperature of the ear canal is not permitted to acclimate, a falsely high reading may occur

Temperatures in both ears are the same, so both both ears can be measured alternately

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY FOR EAR THERMOMETER PROCEDURE

Has a probe connected to a unit containing battery that measures a person’s temp and provides digital reading

SELECT ALL THAT APPLIES FOR ORAL THERMOMETER PROCEDURE

Indirect measure of the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart and indicates the rate at which the heart is beating

Movement of blood in an artery, which can be palpated at various sites of the body or measured through auscultation over the apex of the heart with a stethoscope

Normal adult pulse

Newborn normal pulse

Aged 1-7 yrs old normal pulse

The normal resting pulse can be established for each patient by repeated measurement of the pulse at the same site and under different conditions

Most common sites for pulse

Pulse: when access to radial site is restricted

Pulse: when measuring own pulse

Peripheral sites are inaccessible or difficult to palpate

Assess LE pulse

High BP =

Anterior and adjacent to ear

Inferior to the mandible and anterior to the SCM

Medial to the biceps im the antecubital fossa or on the medial aspect of the mid shaft of humerus

At the wrist on the volar forearm medial to the stylus process of the radius

Femoral triangle slightly lateral and anterior to the inguinal crease

Midline of post knee crease between the tendons of hamstrings

Along the midline or slightly medial on the dorsum of the foot

On the medial aspect of the foot inferior to the medial malleolus

Men pulse rates are usually slightly higher than female

Pulse rate tend to increase with a major infectious process

Pulse rate after exercise should revert to the person’s resting pulse rate within ________ mins after cessation of exercise

Even beats with a good force to each beat

Even beats with a poor force to each beat

Both strong and weak beats occur during the period of measurement

Weak force to each beat and irregular beats

>100 bpm

<60 bpm

No perceptible pulse even with maximum pressure

Barely perceptible; easily obliterated with slight pressure; fades in fades out

Difficult to palpate; slightly stronger than thready, can be obliterated with light pressure

Easy to palpate; requires moderate pressure to obliterate

Very strong; hyperactive; is not obliterated with moderate pressure

An exception to light pressure when checking pulse is the popliteal artery

In most persons, the radial and brachial pulse will be equal

Aoical and radial pulse may differ in pts with cardiac disease or peripheraal arterial disease

Two persons should monitor the two pulses simultaneously

Any difference in apical and radial pylse =

Select the best answer

Measures the level of blood oxygen saturation, monitors pulse rate and calculates HR

Normal blood oxygen saturation

Hypoxemia

Before applying pulse oximeter, make sure the patient is not wearing fingernail polish

noninvasive examination

External conditions such as ______,________,_______ can affect the readings of pulse ox

Hospitals, in addition to patient monitoring devices, and has an alarm system that sounds when abnormal valves are reached

Fingertip prove and a handheld base unit that displays the results

Sometimes include a large memory bank that stores data or data can be downloaded onto computer

Compact units that usually operate with a single button

In general, oximeters accurately measure oxygen saturation between 70-90% regardless of the type of oximeter used