Max Weber, in his influential essay "Politics as a Vocation" (1919), emphasized that a state is a "human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory,"

is the structure through which the state exercises authority.

is a state in which power and authority are centralized and exercised by an independent administrative organization over a clearly defined territory.

is crucial to the concept of the state, meaning the state's ultimate authority within its territory

derives from the Latin

" meaning "of present or recent times."

The state is defined by a specific geographical area.

comes from the Latin

" meaning "condition" or "standing."

necessitated stronger, more centralized states capable of mobilizing resources and maintaining order.

such as the Holy Roman Empire and the papacy, allowed for the rise of sovereign states.

is the study of political issues and interactions that transcend national boundaries and affect the world as a whole.

Modern Issues Concerning Global Politics

The increasing integration of economies around the world through the movement of goods, services, capital, labor, and technology across international

Refers to the exchange of goods and services between countries.

Goods and services bought from other countries.

Goods and services sold to other

is often viewed as a driver of economic growth and global cooperation, but it also presents significant challenges.

designed to shield domestic industries from foreign competition. While they may benefit local producers, they do so at the expense of consumers, who face higher prices and less variety in products.

taxes imposed on imported goods to make them more expensive, encouraging consumers to buy domestic products.

quantity of goods that can be imported, restricting supply and maintaining high prices for local products.

provide financial support to producers in developed countries, giving them an artificial advantage in international markets.

the formation of trade blocs can strengthen the bargaining power of member countries, they can also exclude non-member nations.

is the voluntary transfer of resources from one country to another, is also a source of external funding for many developing countries.

occurs when an economic or financial crisis in one country spreads to others, causing widespread economic instability.

is a prime CRISIS example of financial contagion. It began in Thailand when the Thai baht collapsed, leading to a rapid spread of financial turmoil across other Asian economies, including South Korea, Indonesia, and the Philippines

refers to a severe disruption in the economy, characterized by a sharp decline in financial markets, widespread unemployment, decreased consumer and business confidence, and often, a recession.

was the most severe worldwide economic crisis since the Great Depression.

SUB means

PRIME means

is a type of mortgage that is made out to borrowers who have a very low credit rating.

is a run-up in housing prices fueled by demand, speculation, and exuberant spending.

distribution of income throughout a population.

The advent of robotics has played a particularly important role in expanding the potential of automation, enabling more efficient, consistent, and precise execution of tasks previously handled by humans.

is an economic concept which refers to a place with two or more parties (commonly composed of a buyer and seller) participating in the activity of exchanging goods and services.

Their external negotiations in the international market outside NAFTA vary depending on their individual preference.

there are current regional integrations that aspire to develop in becoming one, like the Association of Southeast Asian Nations

This type of market integration is possible but challenging, as we have to also factor in the differences of each state's development, economic status, language, education system, cannot cite any real life example for this.