Percent solution can be expressed as the following, except;

Deteriorating reagent

Interfering substance present

Verifying a reference interval requires how many study? individuals

Involves testing blind samples sent periodically by regulatory agencies to participating laboratories

Used for interlaboratory comparison of monthly means by plotting the mean value for one sample on the y-axis and the mean value for another on the x-axis

Ability of a test to detect the absence of a given disease or condition; proportion of individuals with no disease who have a negative test result

It is used to compare two methods using the best fit line through the data points

Incorrect sample volume

Highly deviating control values

Pre-analytical includes;

Poorly written procedure

Inappropriate test requested

Internal Quality Control involves the analysis of at least __ levels of control every ___

Number of moles of solute per kilogram solvent

Most common used quality control chart

Team leaders who dedicate as much as 100% of their time to QI projects

Number of moles of solute per liter of solution

Transcription error

Warning!!!

Interfering substances not recognized

Provides both a management philosophy or organizational development and a management process for improvement of quality in all aspects of work

The distribution of data points around the mean

A recurring error inherent in test procedure; influences observations in one direction

It is the most widely used approach to quality improvement in the healthcare

Due to chance or an unpredictable cause; does not recur in regular pattern

RI is adopted if ____ of the subjects fall outside the range

Post-analytical includes;

Ability to produce a series of results that agree closely with each other; commonly expressed in terms of coefficient of variation; also called repeatability or reproducibility

Instrument not calibrated correctly

Calibration error

Establishing a reference interval requires how many study individuals?

Contaminated control solutions

Most frequently occurring value in a data set

Instrument precision problem

Electric current

Number of equivalent weights of solute per liter of solution

Ability to maintain accuracy and precision over an extended period of time during which equipment, reagents, and personnel may change

Arrange ascending order

Closeness of the result to the true or actual value

Electrical potential

What is the usual confidence interval of a guassian/normal distribution?

Expression of relative concentration

Compares the means of two groups of data or the accuracy of two methods

Improper transport conditions

Incorrect tube or container

Convert 0.4 um to m

Random error

Incorrect patient identification

It is the difference between the highest and lowest values; greatly affected by outlier.

Midpoint of a data set after the values have been ranked-ordered

Precision limitations not recognized

Ability of a method to detect only the analyte of interest

Amount of something relative to another; expressed as part per part or part per whole

Average or arithmetic mean

Prepared by plotting the algebraic sum of the difference between each quality control result and the mean on the y-axis and the run number on the x-axis

Categories of wastes:

Compares the standard deviations of two groups of data or the precision of two procedures

Team members who contribute approximately 20% of their time to QI projects while delivering their normal job functions

Report not posted in chart, not legible, or delayed

Invalid specimen

Maybe constant or proportional

Special requirements not specified

Understands the basics of lean six sigma

Black belt with at least two years of experience; lean six sigma advisors/coaches

Delayed order

Major cause of trend

The best indicator of precision

Systematic error

Ability of a method to detect the smallest concentration of an analyte

Handwriting not legible

Inadequate specimen volume

Usually a one time error and represents imprecision

Gradual change in the distribution of control values such that they continue to increase or decrease over a period of six consecutive days passing through the mean

What is the molarity of a 1 liter solution containing 10g of NaOH? Na=23 O=16 H=1

Analytical includes;

Used to compare results obtain on a high and low control serum from different laboratories

It is designed to reduce waste, increase efficiency and improve customer satisfaction; often used in clinical laboratories to improve TAT.

Previous values not available for comparison

Based on statistics and quantitative measurements applied in the clinical laboratory to reduce the frequency of test errors or the number of DPMOs

Major cause of shift

Analytical sensitivity not appropriate

It is an effective method for comparing both within-laboratory and between-laboratory variability

Ability of a test to detect a given disease or condition; proportion of individuals with the disease who have a positive test result

Thermodynamic temperature

Done when a weaker reagent concentration is needed than the stock substance available

In internal quality control, initial control limits are established by analyzing controls for at least ___ consecutive days or runs

Causes random errors

It is an abrupt change in the distribution of controlled values such that they accumulate on one side of the mean for six consecutive days

Temperature

Wrong collection time

Luminous intensity

What CI is the RI based?

The x-axis is the dependent variable/new method. The Y-axis is the independent/reference method.

Done when the analyte concentration is too high and exceeds the detection limit of the method

Specimen mix up

Precision study is usually done by running