16th century age of discovery European renaissance the protestant reformation

18th century the American revolution the French Revolution the great divergence the industrial Revolution the Russian Revolution

historical events staring from 1945. rose of strong centralized government

Group of people with common language, history, culture, and geographic territory

association of people characterized by formal institution of government, including laws, permanent...

Element of state

tied into three important frames. cultural, political, and economics

the first driver of globalization

he reached the farthest point of the oriental world to which the fusion of greco-macedonian culture with that of Asia became feasable

Roman Empire from the west Chinese Empire from the east

Author of the book "the world is flat" globalization is the interviewing of market and technology..

Expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world time and space

intensification of worldwide social relations linking distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many thousand times

Globalization to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through the movement of goods services and capital sccross borders

growing interdependence of global economies due to the increasing cross border exchange of goods and services

enlargement of global governance system and international organizations in terms of its influence, power, size and complexity.

ability of a dominant culture to penetrate in a unique but localized culture resulting to the possible fusion of these two cultures.

interconnection of global financial system which covers financial investment, monetary exchanges and equity market.

concerted efforts exerted by nation states and other non state actors across the globe to address the problems and challenges wrought by global environmental crises such as Climate Change.

Lifting of barriers and easing of rules governing the interstates commerce, human flow, and accessibility to communication and information services.

conflict, disparity, and crisis generated by the open market system paved the way for the existence of friction as a metaphor of globalization.

Refers to the exponential growth of technological Capacity in furthering a new height of globalization to which human beings will co-exist with intelligent machines which may lead to generation of enormous wealth but with threat of massive dislocation.

metaphor of globalization, start up innovations are likely to outperform branded products over markets they dominated for long time

Individuals, business organizations, and state economies that cannot keep pace with global changes due to technological, economic and other factors will be displaced

establishment of infrastructures that enhance global competitiveness amidst the expanding international market capitalistic system

possessing rights against the government

played a pivotal role in shaping the global economy,

spearheaded Europe's economic dominance, particularly during the First Industrial Revolution in the 18th century.

transformed economic structures, material wealth, and had significant impacts on global climate.

dates of industrial Revolution.

four factors of production

the first to advocate capitalism as the best way to organize the market structure.

the first to advocate capitalism as the best way to organize the market structure.

contradicts the menace of capitalism

private property and profit based economy are strictly prohibited.

two most powerful counties

demonstrated its dissonant voice against greedy capitalism

4th industrial Revolution

A state has a core responsibility to provide and ensure sustainable living to its constituents.

There are few governments which are considered hostile to international trade such as North Korea

A tariff exists when taxes are being imposed on foreign goods by a local market.

Includes quota, embargo, prohibition, and exchange control

multinational corporations can be acknowledged as the key driver of globalization -operation,workforce,profitability,innovation,contributionpolitical and economic clout

the key driver of globalization

is the business practice of hiring a party outside a company to perform services or create goods that were traditionally performed in-house by the company's own employees and staff.

outsourcing when it comes to business activity

two international institutions

Government must adopt hands off approach on market governance

Removal of barriers so that foreign players can easily access local markets.

Removal of barriers so that foreign players can easily access local markets.

Government assets should be converted into private firms

Less spending on public welfare.

Are non-profitable organizations which operate on transnational basis and aim to promote global consciousness of universal issues with world-wide impact.

Amnesty International

Principally focus on high value skills and capital intensive production. United States, Canada, most of Western Europe, Japan, Australia and New Zealand

Focus on capital and labor intensive production but countries also dependent on the extraction of raw materials

dependent on the extraction of natural resources to which they primarily export agricultural and mineral products.

Developing countries are having weak economy which necessitates the intervention of developed economies by facilitating developmental loan and aid.

past the word modernization is often equated to westernization to which the economy of a country was made modernize due to economic and political openness. Later, this equation was challenged by East Asian countries to which they miraculously achieved economic modernization without democratizing their political system

The ability of one country to attract another country without using coercive instrument.

When a country flexes its economic and military muscles to influence the behavior of another country, the element of hard power is being employed.

great leaders, celebrated individuals, and renown statesmen who have enormous role in influencing the course of events in the global arena.

aggregated roles typically performed by group of individuals and relevant entities to which their collective actions may influence the behavior of the state which shall have significant impact in the international community.

interaction of states themselves without the influence of any domestic factor or particular individuals.

Political and economic outcomes in the international community can be explained in terms of global trends, projections, and relevant forces which cut across the interaction of states themselves.

The need to create norms that shall govern interaction among states has been repeatedly established throughout history.

The Concert of Europe began with the 1814-1815 Congress of Vienna, which was designed to bring together the "major powers" of the time in order to stabilize the geopolitics of Europe after the defeat of Napoleon in 1813–1814, and contain France's power after the war following the French Revolution

expanding commerce, communication, technology, and problems generated by Industrial Revolution.

expanding commerce, communication, technology, and problems generated by Industrial Revolution

The third innovation focused on holding series of generalized conferences involving both European and non European states to formulate techniques and mechanisms to be utilized in preventing war and construe appropriate arbitration, negotiation, and other legal recourse.