refers to the socially constructed and learned ways of behaving and believing that identify individual and distinct social groups. It is a shared practice of a group of people.

shapes a person's identity and influences the way how he/she thinks, behaves, and forms his/her values system.

it is dynamic based on new developments in society that can impact a group of people

8 elements of culture

it is an expression of the creative ideas and imagination, and the artist can choose a medium to express their craft.

are significant element that can affect a culture.

shared by many people in the group

passed down to the succeeding generations

are reflected in the attitude and behavior that is exhibited by a person

are based on ethics, principles, beliefs, standards and qualities that a person or a group may hold in high regard

looks at the forms of differentiation as well as the material culture of gatherings that tie together people’s ideas in the region and make them sound apart from the way societies perceive space, this is how cultures are distributed over certain land areas. (Crang, 1988)

refers to the various forms of natural or man-made physical landscape affected by human activities and how people arrange the physical space around them.

the principal method of human communication, consisting of words used in a structured and conventional way and conveyed by speech, writing, or gesture.

this is how culture is communicated to colleagues and customers. Culture is preserved, changed, or transmitted to colleagues and customers using_________

a local variation of a language that is understood even if there is an accent. or a different way of pronouncing words in a specific place or region.

how many dialects are there in the Philippines

how many dialects are there in Southeast Asia

how many languages spoken in the world

the concepts of right and wrong and fairness and injustice draw from cultural practices in a particular area that may be gradually accepted as a practice in a bigger area.

it is commonly practiced by a group of people.

continuously offers a kind of philosophy that establishes a moral compass for anyone who seeks the truth.

a very strong source of cultural influence in many countries.

top philippine religion

due to the tourism activities, there are changes in social structures within a tourism destination that impact various _____ _____________ such as the family, the society, and the bigger community.

can aid in a variety of ways to co-create tourist experiences. It can serve as an enabler, producer, attractor, enhancer, and educator. However, it may also become a ‘destroyer’ of tourist experience due to shifts in service experiences that lack interpersonal charm and thus generate negative effects in retaining the authentic culture of the area.” (Oktadiana and Pearce, 2020)

9 key features of culture

culture has to be taught by someone, usually an older person that is valued by the younger person. Culture includes how people behave, and most behaviors are learned from others.

a process of learning your own culture.

a process of accommodating desirable traits from other culture.

culture has been lost and even cultural trait itself is in the process of being forgotten.

a person needs to interact with other people for culture to be transmitted. It cannot be “kept in a cabinet” nor be kept a secret from the members. it is not an individual phenomenon but it is the product of society.

culture is not something that an individual can pass to a person but shared by a common group of people in a given area. These beliefs and practices are accepted by everyone equally.

refers to the idea that culture is passed down from one generation to next through means such as language, religion and education. The transmittal of culture can be done through practice, written form, or verbal form.

3 types of cultural transmission

when culture is passed down from adults to children.

when culture is passed between peers such as classmates.

when culture is passed between individuals in different social circles.

culture exists as a continuous process. The transmission of the cultural elements of one group must be continuous from one generation to the next. No culture ever remains constant or permanent. It is subject to slow but constant variation.

there is bound to be changes in culture as compared to when it was initially practiced. The intensity is dependent on many things, the commitment of its followers, the number of followers, its documentation, the rationale of the practice, and even its interactions with other groups who may have a different practice altogether

common practices bring people together. It is a way of sharing with others and making it easier for people to understand or give preference to others who share a common practice.

the intersection of many variables across time and people, culture is bound to change. Developments in technology, government structure, laws, other elements, and even in people will give rise to changes in culture.

many sub- groups in a society, each one brings their own cultural mindset to a bigger community. Expect that there will be similarities and many unique practices within a given community and among the different countries also.

is "a social, cultural, and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal business/profession purposes. (UNWTO)

umbrella concept is discovered by?

where various sector, either directly or indirectly participate in tourism activities are linked, and thus “due to this interdisciplinary and complex subject, defining tourism is critical, as the meaning of tourism might differ depending on the field of study”.

identifies the tourism enterprises and classifies them as primary or secondary.

include "travel and tour services; land, sea, and air transport services.

an act declaring a national policy for tourism as an engine of investment, employment growth and national development, and strengthening the department of tourism and its attached agencies to effectively and efficiently implement that policy, and appropriating funds therefor.

refers to the government board and/or agency authorized by the government of each ASEAN Member State primarily responsible for the assessment and certification of Tourism Professionals. It is the Philippines Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA),

This government agency was established by Republic Act No. 7796 and signed into law by Pres. Fidel V. Ramos on August 25,1994. This enacted to encourage the full participation and mobilization of the tourism industry, labor division, local government units, and technical-vocational institution in developing the skills of the country’s human resource.

TESDA acronym

republic act. no. of TESDA

who signed the Republic Act No. 7796 (TESDA)

when was the Republic Act No. 7796 signed into law

TESDA has promulgated several tourism qualifications in 3 levels, based on the Philippines Qualification Framework, and some of these qualifications have been aligned with the ASEAN Mutual Recognition Arrangement on Tourism Professionals (ASEAN MRA-TP) what are the 3 National Certificate levels?

they are the one that would gain an increasing interconnectedness between individuals, circles of friends, countries, and economies, allowing for a global dimension. With technology, it is now easier to get to know a person from another country and maintain either a personal or business relationship with them. (Israel, 2012

7 other terms for MULTICULTURAL

it is a set of beliefs and behaviors acknowledges and supports the existence of different communities within an organization or society, and as a result, acknowledges and values its sociocultural differences, and promotes and facilitates its continued participation within an inclusive cultural framework that empowers everyone within an organization or society. (Rosado, 2010)

the totality of the person that includes all the elements of culture that they have acquired from their family and all their interactions with other people.

In any given situation, look at the total scenario as there may be underlying factors that can contribute to the appreciation of the cultural elements. Listen to the discussion because sometimes, verbal communication may be a challenge due to accent, tone, or lack of proficiency with a common language.

If a foreign language is used by someone who is not proficient in that language, such as the English language, the sender or receiver of the message may resort to the use of nonverbal communication to make themselves be understood. If the idea of the message is not received, ________________ can happen, and the delivery of product or service is endangered within the workplace or for customers.

Learning does not happen only inside the classroom. Lifelong learning in various locations continues even after graduation. There may be enterprise- based training that will be given to employees, and these opportunities are highly encouraged especially if essential (soft) skills in service training is provided. The focus is no longer on the technical skills but on the ways how to provide a better service and understand colleagues and customers better.

The tourism professional must learn these three A's to be open about the differences and how to handle them best.

There is no one superior or inferior culture. Tourism professionals should respect differences and similarities among cultural elements as this becomes an exciting way to know more about colleagues and customers.

Tourism professionals should nurture themselves with new learnings and grow with the times as part of a changing mindset. Some cultural elements may no longer be relevant to the times and thus may need to be updated. Some that are still relevant should be nurtured so that the distinct cultural elements of the region/family are still present.