問題一覧
1
The approach used in psychology research is based all but one of the following…. (choose the odd one out)
Anecdotal evidence and personal experience
2
In Pavlov’s experiment with the dog, the unconditioned stimulus was the
Meat
3
In the 'nature versus nurture' debate there is evidence that we are not born with a 'tabula rasa'
true
4
Who was the father of operant conditioning?
Skinner
5
What happens in the womb can affect brain development
true
6
The little Albert experiment shows evidence of
Classical Conditioning
7
Genetics have a role to play in determining our potential
true
8
In Operant conditioning behaviour is...
emitted
9
In order to train pupils to raise their hand to answer or ask a question, it is a good idea to ....
initially only respond to a pupil who raises their hand
10
If two things are linked; ie. there is a correlation between two things; then we can safely assume one causes the other. If two things are linked; ie. there is a correlation between two things; then we can safely assume one causes the other.
false
11
Who of the following is the father of Operant conditioning
Skinner
12
Who of the following is the father of Classical conditioning
Pavlov
13
The most effective schedule of reinforcement in order to establish a behaviour is
continuous reinforcement
14
In the case on operant conditioning behaviour is ....
emitted
15
The most effective schedule of reinforcement in order to maintain a learned behaviour is..
variable ratio reinforcement
16
Who conducted the baby Albert experiments
Watson
17
Thorndike coined some 'laws' in relation to behaviourism. Which of the following is NOT one of those laws
Law of precedence
18
Things that give us pleasure tend to be repeated
True
19
Skinner believed/advocated most of the following. Which is not his idea?
Skinner identified that discrimination came first followed by generalisation of behaviour
20
In relation to Behaviourism - tick which of the following statements is not fully true
Grandma's rule 'eat your dinner to get your dessert' is unrelated to behaviourism
21
Which of the following is more effective in establishing a behaviour
Positive Reinforcement
22
Who of the folllowing is not a cognitive psychologist?
Skinner
23
You are daydreaming in the middle of a lecture. Can you be learning the content being presented simultaneously?
No
24
When in a class situation; a cognitive link up is a good idea because it ...
opens the schema in the mind and provides a hook to hook new knowledge onto
25
Bruner said that new information should be presented to students in a variety of ways in order to maximise learning. What were those ways?
iconic, symbolic and enactive
26
Which of the following is Millers nagic number? Choose the most correct answer
The number of pieces of information that can be held in your short term memory
27
Inductive methods often take more time, but usually work best if you want students to learn: (Choose the incorrect answer)
to quickly and accurately solve problems like those worked out in class or in the book
28
What are the three types of long term memory according to Tulving (1972)?
Episodic, semantic, procedural
29
Most people learn....
more of what they teach someone else
30
Which of the following is not true of Gagne (1985)?
He believed stimulus response learning is the highest form of learning
31
Which of the following is not a contingency contract?
If you don't pay attention in class you will get extra homework
32
Piaget believed that children in the pre-operational stage have difficulty taking the perspective of another person. This is known as:
Egocentrism
33
The capacity to generalise and formulate hypotheses is possible in which developmental stage according to Piaget?
formal operational stage
34
Which of the following is not true of Piaget
He said that we model the behaviour of more knowledgeable others
35
Choose the correct principle of Piaget’s theory?
Organisation, Adaptation and Equilibration
36
Which of the following lists Piaget’s stage of cognitive development in the correct sequence?
Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational.
37
If you are puzzled about a situation, and don’t understand why present attempts to solve the problem aren’t working, Piaget would say you are in a state of:
disequilibrium
38
Which of the following is NOT true according to Piaget
Children possess many different schemata, and these remain fixed as the children develop though stages.
39
Adolescents according to Piaget are at which of the following stages of cognitive development
formal
40
Piaget believed that children in the pre-operational stage have difficulty realising that the volume of liquid is preserved despite being placed in a different shaped container. This is called:
Conservation
41
Piaget believed that the purpose of education was to pass on knowledge from one generation to the next
False
42
What term did Vygotsky use to describe a level of development in which there are tasks that the student has not yet learned but is capable of learning at a given time?
Zone of proximal Development
43
Vygotsky theories involved.... (choose the most comprehensive answer)
MKO, ZPD and social learning theory
44
Theories proposed by Lev Vygotsky placed greatest emphasis for cognitive development on
The child’s social environment
45
You have taught a new math skill to your class, and find that some students have caught on quickly, while others are still having difficulty applying the skill. Based on Vygotsky's principles of assisted learning / zone of proximal development, you should:
pair students for more practice, pairing students who have mastered the skill with those who have not
46
You have taught a new math skill to your class, and find that some students have caught on quickly, while others are still having difficulty applying the skill. Based on Vygotsky's principles of assisted learning / zone of proximal development, you should:
pair students for more practice, pairing students who have mastered the skill with those who have not
47
According to Vygotsky;
Learning precedes development
48
Vygotsky's MKO may refer to which of the following;
all of the above
49
Vygotskian theory most directly supports cooperative learning strategies that are evidenced by
Students helping one another to learn
50
According to Vygotsky, young children use what mechanism to turn shared knowledge into their personal knowledge?
Private Speech
51
How did Vygotsky view cognitive development?
He proposed that intellectual development can be understood only in terms of the historical and cultural contexts children experience.
52
Which option is key while incorporating Vygotsky's theories in your classroom?
Scaffolding
53
A student at a high school football game can see that the football players and cheerleaders are both scattered around the field, but he can easily tell them apart and find them because of their uniforms. Which Gestalt principle is most helpful here?
Similarity
54
Bandura conducted the Bobo doll experiments. Which of the following is untrue?
Watching violence had no effect on children’s behaviour
55
Behaviour is more likely to be imitated if modelled by:
Someone a child likes and admires
56
Which of the following is untrue according to social learning theory?
Individuals are more likely to adopt a modelled behaviour if the model is different to the observer.
57
The process of _____ is what happens when sensory neurons send signals to the brain, whereas the process of _____ is what happens when the brain interprets these signals as meaningful events, images, or ideas
sensation / perception
58
Critiques have been offered by various theorists on the work of Piaget. Which is completely correct below.
Stages are only generally associated with chronological age and 50% of adults may not attain formal operations phase (Biggs and Collis,1991)
59
Ausubel talked of meaningful verbal learning – which would he consider not to be true?
Discovery learning is the best approach
60
Bruner was a proponent of Discovery learning: which of the follow is untrue?
This is a particularly useful strategy for covering material for examinations
61
Vygotsky said we had 4 elemental mental functions
Attention, Perception , Sensation and Memory
62
Some dimensions of personality are stable across the lifespan and directly related to behaviour. They also seem to have a physiological base (Revelle & Loftus, 1992).
five
63
Some of the stable factors of personality are the following;
Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism
64
Regarding personality traits and learning which of the following is NOT true
Personality traits have little effect on learning
65
Which of the following is NOT true from the article by Lajos Göncz? An effective teacher should......
be true to their own personality style
66
The psychologist who stated that human beings are not controlled primarily by rational and conscious processes, but rather by drives and urges hidden in the unconscious is
Sigmund Freud
67
Which of the following is NOT a theory of personality
Psychoanalysis (therapeutic methods based on work of Sigmund Freud)
68
Which of the following is not true of Trait theorists
Gordon Allport (1897–1967) said that consistency of role was a sign of immaturity
69
Which of the following is NOT true?
Everyone has a personality and all personalities are not equal
70
Creativity is thinking or behaviour that satisfies 4 criteria. Which is correct?
Imaginative, Purposeful, Original, of Value
71
Wallace (1926) defined the stages of creative thinking
Preparation, Incubation, Illumination, Veification