問題一覧
1
Which of the following viruses belong to the Family Picornaviridae:
Rhinoviruses, ECHO, Hepatitis A virus, Coxsackie viruses, Enteroviruses
2
Polio viruses:
Genome functions as mRNA, Fecal-oral transmission, Are linear single-stranded RNA viruses , Cause asymptomatic infections , Cause flaccid paralysis
3
Polio viruses:
Replicate in enterocytes, Can be isolated in cell cultures , Present capsid proteins VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4 , Are the smallest RNA viruses , Have variable antigenic structure
4
Gastroenteritis can be caused by:
Rotavirus , Cytomegalic virus , Enterovirus 71 , Adenovirus , Norovirus
5
Rotavirus:
Causes watery diarrhea , It is a double-stranded RNA virus , In adults causes asymptomatic infections , It's a naked virus , Wheel-shaped
6
The following ones are Protozoa:
Balantidium coli , Cryptosporidium, Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica
7
About Entamoeba histolytica, we can say:
It is a protozoa , It has pseudopodia as organs of locomotion, The cyst is the form of resistance, It is an amoeba , In the evolutionary cycle it has 2 stages: trophozoite and cyst
8
About the trophozoite of the Entamoeba histolytica parasite, we can say:
It is the histolytic form, It has a granular endoplasm , It emits numerous pseudopods , It is very mobile , It has a hyaline ectoplasm
9
Which of the following parasites have pseudopodia as organs of locomotion?
Acantamoeba culbertsoni , Entamoeba coli , Entamoeba histolytica , Entamoeba gingivalis , Naegleria fowleri
10
About the trophozoite of the Giardia intestinalis parasite, we can say:
It has an axostyle , It has 8 flagella , It has an adhesive disc , It has 2 nuclei , It has 2 parabasal bodies
11
About Giardia intestinalis parasite cyst, we can say:
It has 4 nuclei , It is oval , It has flagella , It has a double contour , It has 2 parabasal bodies
12
They are antimalarial drugs:
Primaquine, Chloroquine, Doxycycline, Quinine, Mefloquine
13
Which of the following parasites are roundworms?
Strongyloides stercoralis , Ascaris lumbricoides , Enterobius vermicularis , Trichuris trichiura , Trichinella spiralis
14
About Echinococcus granulosus, we can say:
The adult parasite is located in the small intestine of the dog , It is the etiological agent of hydatidosis , It belongs to the Plathelmintes phylum , It is a flat, segmented worm , The strobila consists of 3 proglottids
15
The hydatid cyst consists of:
Protoscolexes, Proliger membrane , Hydatid fluid , Anhiste membrane , Proligen vesicles
16
Which of the following parasites are part of the Nemathelmintes phylum?
Trichuris trichiura , Enterobius vermicularis , Trichinella spiralis , Ascaris lumbricoides , Strongyloides stercoralis
17
About Ascaris lumbricoides, we can say:
It is a geohelminth , It is a cylindrical worm , It belongs to the Nemathelmintes phylum , It is located in the small intestine of humans , In the evolutionary cycle it has 2 stages: adult and egg
18
About Enterobius vermicularis, we can say:
It is a cylindrical worm , It belongs to the Nemathelmintes phylum , In the evolutionary cycle it has 2 stages: adult and egg , It belongs to the Nematoda Class , It is the etiological agent of oxyurosis
19
Regarding enterobiosis we can say:
The egg is oval, asymmetrical , It is more common in children , The most effective method to detect eggs is the anal impression , The main symptom is anal itching , Eggs can adhere to various objects (toys)
20
About Trichiuris trichiura, we can say:
It is a cylindrical worm , It is the etiological agent of trichocephalosis , The adult parasites live in the colon , The adult parasites are whip shaped , The egg is shaped like a lemon
21
About Trichinella spiralis, we can say:
It belongs to the Nemathelmintes phylum , Adult parasites are located in the intestine , In the evolutionary cycle it has 2 stages: adult and larvae , It is a nematode , It is a cylindrical worm
22
In trichinosis:
Eosinophils have values >80% , A muscle biopsy (deltoid muscle) may be performed to visualize the larvae , Myocarditis may occur , Eyelid edema may occur , Muscle enzymes are elevated
23
About Fasciola hepatica, we can say:
It is an unsegmented worm , It is a hermaphrodite trematode , It is a flatworm , The adult parasite is leaf-shaped , The adult parasite lives in the bile ducts
24
Which of the following parasites are helminths?
Echinococcus granulosus , Trichuris trichiura , Fasciola hepatica , Strongyloides stercoralis , Taenia saginata
25
The following belong to the Fungi kingdom:
Histoplasma capsulatum , Aspergillus fumigatus , Cryptococcus neoformans , Candida tropicalis , Pneumocystis jiroveci
26
It’s a filamentous fungus:
Trichophyton rubrum , Aspergillus flavus , Microsporum canis , Epidermophyton floccosum , Aspergillus niger
27
The following are yeasts:
Cryptococcus neoformans , Candida krusei , Malassezia furfur , Candida parapsilosis , Candida glabrata
28
Genotypic classification of bacteria uses:
Nucleotide sequence analysis , Chromosomal DNA analysis , Ribotyping (16s RNA analysis) , Guanine to cytosine ratio , DNA hybridization
29
Constantly present structures in all bacteria are:
cell wall , chromosome, cytoplasm, cytoplasmic membrane , nucleoid
30
About bacterial DNA we can say:
encodes phenotypic characters , it is called nucleoid , can mutate, can be amplified by RT-PCR , has a double-stranded structure
31
Plasmids:
may encode virulence factors , may encode antibiotic resistance , are located extrachromosomally , most are circular , represent about 5% of the chromosome mass
32
Inclusions present in some bacteria:
Are nutrient stores , May be composed of polymetaphosphate or glycogen , May be composed of lipids , May be composed of polymetaphosphate or starch , Volutin inclusions are present in Bacillus
33
About the bacterial wall we can say:
Its basic component is peptidoglycan , Bacterial wall in Gram positive stains purple , In Gram-positive bacteria the wall is thicker , Gram-negative bacterial wall stains red , In Gram negative bacteria the wall is thinner
34
In the bacterial wall:
Glycan chains are linked by peptide bridges , Tetrapeptide chains consist of alternating L- or D-form amino acids , In Gram-positive bacteria peptidoglycan is tridemensional , In Gram-negative bacteria the peptidoglycan is bidemensional , Glycan chains are formed by alternating two aminosaccharides: N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid;
35
About the functions of peptidoglycan we can state:
Determines the shape of bacteria , It confers resistance to the bacterial wall , Has antigenic properties , May be a target for some antibiotics , Participates in cell division
36
In Gram-positive bacteria wall exists:
Protein A in S. aureus, as a surface protein with an anti-phagocytic role , Teichoic acids, Antiphagocytic proteins , Lipoteichoic acids , Adesines
37
Theic acids:
Bind Mg ions and some enzymes, Are specific antigens, Are not involved in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines , Present receptors for bacteriophages, Are structures involved in attachment
38
Gram-negative bacteria wall:
Presents outer membrane, Ag O has group specificity, LPS, stands for lipopolysaccharide , Lipid A is the endotoxin , Two phospholipid layers make up the outer membrane
39
About bacterial taxonomy we can state:
An order comprises several families, A family comprises several genera, The suffix term for the family name is - aceae, A genus comprises several species , Taxonomy is the systematic classification of bacteria into ordered groups
40
Bacterial Ribozomes:
In total, a medium-sized bacterium has about 20,000 ribosomes. , They are arranged as polysomes, along mRNA molecules , Have fast kinetics, i.e. about 500/min. , The 30S subunit contains 16S RNA and 21 proteins , The 50S subunit contains 23S RNA, 5S RNA and 34 proteins
41
The following species are sporulate bacateria:
Bacillus anthracis, Baccilus geostearothermophilus , Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium tetani
42
Bacterial flagella:
Are made up of flagellin, Are useful in bacterial taxonomy, They are antigens with group specificity (AgG) , They are long, thin filamentous structures, Consist of a flexuous flagellar filament articulated by a cross at the basal corpuscle/complex
43
Which of the following structures is (are) present in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
Ribosomes, Nucleotides, The bacterial wall, Cytoplasmic membrane , Murine
44
Bacterial pili:
They are composed of pilin , They are present in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria , Common pili play a role in bacterial attachment , They can function as specific antigens , Can be common pili and sexual pili
45
Viruses:
They don't divide , They are strictly intracellular infectious particles , They are replicated by a competent host cell , They don't grow , They are dependent on a living host cell (eg.: bacteria, plants, animals, birds, humans)
46
About fungi, we can say:
Fungi can be filamentous , Fungi can be yeast-like, They are eukaryotic, uni- or multicellular cells , Fungi can be dimorphic , They are microscopic bioentities
47
Ways of genetic transfer to bacteria:
Transduction, Conjugation, Transformation, Episom, Genetic transfer to bacteria can be mediated by bacteriophages
48
Normally sterile area of the human body:
The bladder , The 4th cerebral ventricle, The myocardium, The middle ear, The kidney
49
An anti-infectious defense mechanism is the indigenous microbiota of:
The skin, The gut , The vagina, The nasopharynx, The oropharynx
50
They are attachment structures to specific cellular receptors:
Fimbriae, Teichoic acids, Capsule, Fibronectin, Surface glycoproteins
51
At the level of the urinary tract:
In the normal flora of the distal urethra there are staphylococci , The distal ureter is normally sterile , The distal urethra is normally colonized , The proximal urethra is normally sterile , The bladder is normally sterile
52
The defense mechanisms of the skin:
Presence of commensal gram-positive bacteria , Presence of stratum corneum , Acid pH , Presence of lysozyme , High concentrations of salts
53
Specific measures to prevent an infection are:
Administration of preformed antibodies , Active artificial immunization , Seroprophylaxis, Administration of toxoid , Vaccination
54
The conjugate vaccines:
They are immunogenic under the age of 2 years old, too , Provides long-lasting immunity , They contain capsular polysaccharides , They contain anatoxin , They contain a transporter protein
55
A live-attenuated vaccine is contraindicated in:
Febrile patient , Allergic person , Infant under the protection of maternal antibodies , Immunosuppressed patient , The pregnant woman
56
Preparations for active artificial immunization:
Killed microorganisms , mRNA, Capsular polysaccharides , Anatoxin, Attenuated microorganisms
57
A live attenuated vaccine:
It induces long-lasting immunity only after multiple repeated inoculations , It induces active immunity , Contains alive microbes with stable reduced virulence , Efficiently stimulates the cellular immunity , It produces an inapparent infection in the normoreactive host
58
A killed corpuscular vaccine:
Provides lasting protection , It induces active immunity , Contains killed microorganisms , It can be administered to an immunocompromised person , It can be administered to pregnant women
59
The action target for antivirals can be:
Reverse transcriptase , Viral protease , Decapsidation of the virus , RNA/DNA polymerase , Virus attachment to cell receptors
60
Infection with which of the following viruses can be eradicated by antiviral treatment?
HIV, Herpes simplex virus 1 , Influenza B virus , Hepatitis C virus , Influenza A virus
61
It is an antiprotozoal agent: (It is an anthelmintic: 反対)
Quinine, Mefloquine, Chloroquine, Metronidazole, Tinidazole
62
It is an antiviral:
Antiretrovirals, Oseltamivir, Molnupiravir, Ganciclovir, Acyclovir
63
It has antifungal activity:
Fluconazole, Caspofungin, Voriconazole, Liposomal amphotericin B , Nystatin
64
They are part of the HIV structure:
p17 ‐ matrix protein , gp41 ‐ inner part of the envelope , Two identical RNA copies and reverse transcriptase , p24 ‐ capsid protein , gp120 ‐ on the surface of the envelope
65
HPV is implicated in the aetiology of the following cancers:
Tonsil cancer , Cancer of the tongue , Anal cancer , Skin cancer , Cervical cancer