An antibiotic is a

Differential staining of tissue, bacteria Search for magic bullet that would attack bacterial structures, not ours Developed ______, used against syphilis.

___ and ___ mass produce penicillin for war time use, becomes available to the public.

1935 ______ discovered

The term “antibiotics” was first coined by the American microbiologist ________ and his colleagues to describe chemical substances produced by microorganisms and having antagonistic effects on the growth of other microorganisms.

testing is per Formed in both diagnostic and drug discovery laboratories

MODE OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION

inhibit the growth of bacteria

directly kill the bacteria

CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS

NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS

Beta Lactams

Cell Membrane Inhibitors

Identify

An intact______ is essential for anti bacterial activity

is a medication used to manage and treat a wide range of infections.

Most serious complication is of penicillin is .

PENICILLIN – drug of choice for Syphilis

Anti-Staphylococcal Penicillins

Amino-Penicillins

ANTI-PSEUDOMONAL PENICILLINS

are beta-lactam antimicrobials used to manage a wide range of infections from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

1ST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

2ND GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

_______ and ______ – good activity against abdominal and pelvic infections

_____ – improved action against pneumococcus and H. influenzae

Drug of Choice (DOC) for Gonorrhea (N. gonorrhea) Given Intramuscular

Wide coverage against gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria

_________ are a class of very effective antibiotic agents most commonly used for treatment of severe bacterial infections. This class of antibiotics is usually reserved for known or suspected multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.

________ is also known as the “silver bullet”

is a monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic

Inhibits inactivation of penicillins by bacterial beta-lactamase(penicillinase)

MOA: interferes with late stage in cell wall synthesis in gram positive organisms

Must know for Baci+racin

ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS OF LAST RESORT

30s cells

50s

are a class of antibiotics used to treat serious infections caused by bacteria that are difficult to treat.

are called bactericidal antibiotics because they kill bacteria directly

Most commonly used aminoglycosides:

• The modern era of antibiotics started with the serendipitous discovery of penicillin from the culture filtrate of a fungus, _______ by ___________ in 1928

• The rate & extent of killing increases as the peak drug concentration increases • A property associated with drugs inhibiting protein or DNA synthesis (__________ and ___________)

• Time-dependent killing is characteristic of ______ and _____.

• can eradicate an infection in the absence of host defense mechanisms

• inhibits microbial growth but requires host defense mechanisms to eradicate the infection

inhibitsynthesis of bacterial cell walls by binding to proteins in bacterial cell membranes

binds to_____________) located in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors – all are bacteriostatic EXCEPT:

• Enhanced effect when used with beta-lactamase inhibitors

Amoxicillin HELPS kill the ff bacteria:

are a class of antibiotics that are used to treat severe bacterial infections