An intact______ is essential for anti bacterial activity

The term “antibiotics” was first coined by the American microbiologist ________ and his colleagues to describe chemical substances produced by microorganisms and having antagonistic effects on the growth of other microorganisms.

directly kill the bacteria

MOA: interferes with late stage in cell wall synthesis in gram positive organisms

is a medication used to manage and treat a wide range of infections.

CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS

Identify

_______ and ______ – good activity against abdominal and pelvic infections

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS

An antibiotic is a

1ST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

Most serious complication is of penicillin is .

• can eradicate an infection in the absence of host defense mechanisms

ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS OF LAST RESORT

• Time-dependent killing is characteristic of ______ and _____.

• The modern era of antibiotics started with the serendipitous discovery of penicillin from the culture filtrate of a fungus, _______ by ___________ in 1928

• inhibits microbial growth but requires host defense mechanisms to eradicate the infection

1935 ______ discovered

NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS

MODE OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION

_____ – improved action against pneumococcus and H. influenzae

Amino-Penicillins

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors – all are bacteriostatic EXCEPT:

Wide coverage against gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria

are called bactericidal antibiotics because they kill bacteria directly

PENICILLIN – drug of choice for Syphilis

________ is also known as the “silver bullet”

30s cells

Drug of Choice (DOC) for Gonorrhea (N. gonorrhea) Given Intramuscular

Cell Membrane Inhibitors

___ and ___ mass produce penicillin for war time use, becomes available to the public.

50s

2ND GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

Anti-Staphylococcal Penicillins

• Enhanced effect when used with beta-lactamase inhibitors

Inhibits inactivation of penicillins by bacterial beta-lactamase(penicillinase)

inhibit the growth of bacteria

are a class of antibiotics that are used to treat severe bacterial infections

Differential staining of tissue, bacteria Search for magic bullet that would attack bacterial structures, not ours Developed ______, used against syphilis.

inhibitsynthesis of bacterial cell walls by binding to proteins in bacterial cell membranes

Most commonly used aminoglycosides:

are beta-lactam antimicrobials used to manage a wide range of infections from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

is a monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic

Beta Lactams

binds to_____________) located in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane

• The rate & extent of killing increases as the peak drug concentration increases • A property associated with drugs inhibiting protein or DNA synthesis (__________ and ___________)

testing is per Formed in both diagnostic and drug discovery laboratories

Must know for Baci+racin

are a class of antibiotics used to treat serious infections caused by bacteria that are difficult to treat.

ANTI-PSEUDOMONAL PENICILLINS

_________ are a class of very effective antibiotic agents most commonly used for treatment of severe bacterial infections. This class of antibiotics is usually reserved for known or suspected multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.

Amoxicillin HELPS kill the ff bacteria: