A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art.

Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines

The word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers.

A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.

Informal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing.

An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.

The dictionary definition of a word.

The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.

An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant.

An issue, problem, or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak.

An exaggerated statement or claim not meant to be taken literally.

Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste).

The contrast between what is expected and what actually happens (in writing, this is usually saying one thing but meaning the opposite).

Placing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast.

A comparison not using like or as.

A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.

Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.

A statement that seems self-contradictory or assured but in reality expresses a possible truth.

A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.

A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end.

A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes.

Appeal to ethics; a meaning of convincing an audience by building the credibility and authority of the speaker.

Appeal to emotion; manipulating the audience’s emotions in order to convince the audience of something.

Appeal to logic or reason; using facts and statistics to lead an audience to a specific conclusion.

A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer.

A literary work that criticized human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.

A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.

A thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a mere rival object representing something abstract.

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

The attitude a writer takes toward a subject and/or audience.

The presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.