ART 195 A Exam3

91問 • 2年前

21011925 NAGAI Yuki

問題一覧

Which of the following is TRUE of this image? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

Emperor Justinian is shown carrying a bowl for bread to the altar., Emperor Justinian's twelve companions are meant to evoke the twelve apostles., The shield is emblazoned with the chi rho.

The contrast betvween the simple exterior of this structure and its ornate interior has been interpreted as a metaphor for the ideal Christian, who should be simple in external appearance, but glorious in inner spirit.

True

Which of the following is true of this mosaic? Be sure to mark ALL Correct responses.

It is comprised of thousands of small glass tiles., It represents Christ in the symbolic guise of the Good Shepherd., The attributes of the halo and the purple garment have their sources in pagan Roman iconography

Which of the following is a reason that the Early Christians adopted the form of the Roman basilica for their first churches? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

the longitudinal form lent itself to religious processions and the apse provided a focal point for the altar, the Roman basilica was a secular building not tainted by an association with pagan religious rituals

The material made from bleached animal hides that was used to make the pages of illuminated manuscripts in the Middle Ages is known as ____.

parchment

This image was painted by mixing pigments with heated wax, a technique known as ____.

encaustic

This illumination shows the actions of the ____, or those who were opposed to religious images

Iconoclasts

Why were archaeologists surprised to find a synagogue in Dura-Europos (Syria) with extensive figural paintings?

Because the Hebrew Bible contains an explicit ban on religious imagery

That the wall paintings in the synagogue at Dura-Europos don't contain representations of God suggests that these people interpreted the ban on images in the Bible not to be a ban on all figurative imagery, but only images of the divine, which could be misconstrued as idols.

True

In the wall painting The Consecration of the Tabernacle and its Priests (from the synagogue at Dura-Europos), the tabernacle, which is understood from Biblical descriptions to have been a tent-like structure, is depicted as____.

a Roman temple

Early Christian imagery, such as the ceiling painting from the catacomb of SS Pietro e Marcellino, frequently used motifs familiar to both pagans and Jews to illustrate Christian concepts.

True

Early Christians conducted religious rituals in the catacombs in Rome.

False

The central aisle of a basilica is known as _____.

nave

Which of the following is true about the medium of glass mosaic? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

Early Christians understood its glittering surface as a metaphor for the difference between the earthly and heavenly realms, gold tiles were created by sandwiching thin sheets of gold between layers of clear glass, colored tiles were created by adding metallic oxides to clear glass

Why does the garment of Empress Theodora in the mosaic at San Vitale in Ravenna represent the three magi on its hem?

Because the three magi are an important prototype for patrons of religious art

Which of the following is true of Hagia Sophia? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

lt was built to replace a Constantinian church destroyed in anti-imperial riots, The base of the dome is ringed with windows making it appear to float, Its original dome collapsed in an earthquake in 558 CE

The dome of Hagia Sophia springs from spherical triangles called____.

pendentives

The small tiles used to make a mosaic are called___.

tesserae

The semi-circular fields in this ceiling fresco are known as____.

lunettes

In Early Christian art, Christ is frequently represented in the guise of the Good Shepherd.

True

Which of the following is true about the images of Jonah in this fresco? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

They evoke traditional pagan iconographies, They make a typological reference to Christ, They promote conversion to Christianity by deploying familiar motifs

Which of the following is true of this object? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It is the object of Muslim pilgrimage (haj), It is the most sacred site in Islanm, It is known as the Kaaba, It contains a meteorite thought to have divine origins

The style of Arabic script seen on this manuscript page is called____.

Kufic

The sacred text of Islam ____.Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

is known as the Qur'an, is believed to have been delivered to Muhammad by an angel

This structure, the Domne of the Rock. was built ____ responses. Be sure to mark ALL correct

on the spot where it is believed Abraham prepared to sacrifice Isaac, on the spot where Jews believed God created Adam, on the spot from which Muslims believe Muhammad traveled to heaven and hell, on a sacred but abandoned site in Jerusalem

This type of decoration, which does not feature representations of people or animals, is called ____.

aniconic

The earliest forms of the lIslamic mosque were based on the confıguration of Muhammad's house in Medina (Saudi Arabia).

True

Which of the following are typical features of a hypostyle mosque? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

a large prayer hall with many columns, a large courtyard, an ablution fountain for ritual washing, a marker of the direction of prayer (gibla)

In addition to places for prayer, large, congregational mosques could also include____. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

schools and universities, hostels for travelers and merchants, public baths, soup kitchens

Which of the following are true of this space? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

the density of columns creates a sense of limitless space, the columns are reused from a previous structure, the horseshoe arch was adapted from Visigothic architecture, the voussoirs are stone and brick

Which of the following is true of the inscription on this object? Be sure to mark ALL

It describes what the vessel was meant to hold, It includes the name of the artist who made the vessel, It compares the vessel to a female breast

Which of the following is true of this object? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It is carved from elephant ivory, It was originally meant to house perfumes, The vegetal decoration is aniconic, It was likely converted to Christian liturgical use, possibly as a reliquary

This structure, originally built as the lbn Shoshan synagogue, is a good example of cultural hybridity because it ____.

resembles the prayer hall of a hypostyle mosque

When the Ottomans conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453, they seized the church of Hagia Sophia and converted it into a mosque.

True

When he built the mosque of Selim Il (Edirne, Türkiye), the architect Mimar Sinan set out to surpass the size and scale of Hagia Sophia (lstanbul).

True

This image shows a small section of a carpet, where millions of tiny knots are tied to a vertical warp and hammered and locked in place by a horizontal weft.

pile

The material made from bleached animal hides that was used to make the pages of illuminated manuscripts in the Middle Ages is known as____.

parchment

The process of bringing stories from the Old Testament into juxtaposition with those from the New Testament, as seen here on these bronze doors, is called____.

typology

This object has been decorated using a technique called where a sulfur alloy is set into depressions in the metal and heated, resulting in a black surface that accentuates the surrounding gold.

niello

The iconography of this sculpture reflects the interest of the Carolingian rulers in emulating the art of____.

the ancient Romans

The decoration of this page shows how ____ and ____ were combined to create a new visual style.

the pagan "animal style" / Christian iconography

Which of these images is the best example of how the art produced under Charlemagne imitated Ancient Roman models?

これ答え

This object has been decorated with a technique called____, where metal strips attached to a baseplate enclose fields made of colored glass or gemstones.

cloisonné

Which of the following properties made gold a prized material for metalwork? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It does not tarnish or rust, Its physical properties make it highly versatile, It has an aesthetically pleasing yellow glow

The complex, interwoven patterning on the surface of this object is called____.

animal style

One reason why Christians began to decorate copies of the New Testament gospels was because they understood the book to be a sacred object that contained the word of the divine, and they thought that the aesthetics of the book should reflect its spiritual importance.

True

Charlemagne presided over an effort that consciously sought to emulate the culture and rule of Christian Roman emperors like Constantine called____.

renovatio imperii romani

Thanks to the efforts of Charlemagne and his scholars, many classical Latin texts are preserved only in copies made during the Carolingian period.

True

The Palace Chapel in Aachen is modeled on San Vitale in Ravenna. Why was it an appropriate inspiration for Charlemagne and Odo of Metz? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

Ravenna was a satellite to Constantinople much like Aachen was to Rome, Ravenna was ruled by Justinian (a Christian emperor), The Byzantine architectural style provided appropriate grandeur

Which of the following is true of this plan? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

The proportions of the plan are organized on a standard measurement (module), It is a model or ideal plan and not an actual monastery

The half-underground space at the west end of this structure (shown in red) is known as a____.

crypt

Which of the following are true of Bernward, Bishop of Heidelberg? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

His name is inscribed on the monumental bronze doors of St. Michael's (Hildesheim), He served as the tutor of the Emperor Otto |||, He was knowledgeable about metalwork and the art of building

Scholars have interpreted the emphasis on Eve's role as temptress in the reliefs on the bronze doors from the Abbey Church of St. Michael's (Hildesheim) as a reflection of Ottonian concerns about lax morals and corruption among the clergy, and especially with the presence of wives in monasteries.

True

Which of the following are identifications that have been suggested for the figure in this image who peers out from behind the curtain? Be sure to mark ALL Correct responses.

Moses, Christ

These sculptures are generally referred to as ____ figures because they appear on that part of the portal.

jamb

Which image below is best described by the term "pilgrimage plan"?

これ答え

These scenes represent ____. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

a group of people pointing to the appearance of a strange star (actually a comet) in the sky, King Harold being told of a strange star's (actually a comet) appearance

The shift in the objective of Christian pilgrimages away from sites in the Holy Land to places in Europe that held relics of the saints and martyrs of the church was due in part to the fact that the Holy Land was under Muslim control and therefore inhospitable to Christian travelers.

True

Which of the following helps to explain the increase in the construction of large churches in the Romanesque period? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

More people were undertaking religious pilgrimages to visit the important relics scattered in churches throughout Europe, The population and wealth of many of the towns in which these churches were located was increasing, There was a resurgence of piety and religiosity after the first millennium (.e., 1000 CE)

According to the Pilgrim's Guide, it was common in the middle ages for ferrymen to take pilgrims across rivers without charging them a fare.

False

These solid masonry supports with projecting pilasters attached to their faces are called____.

compound piers

This part of a typical Romaneseque or Gothic portal (shown here inside the red line) is called the____.

tympanum

The four stylized figures represented on the side and lid of this object are symbols of the ____.

four evangelists (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John)

A container designed to hold the remains of a saint or an artifact that came into contact with Christ or the Virgin Mary is called a(n) ____.

reliquary

Stone vaults offer which of the following advantages? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

They have better acoustics, and allow sound to travel farther, They are more fire-resistant than wooden roofs

Which of the following is true of this manuscript illumination? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It includes an eagle, the symbol of the Evangelist, Abbot Wedricus, who commissioned the manuscript, holds the Evangelist's inkwell, The Holy Spirit, in the form of a dove, speaks into the Evangelist's ear

Which of the following is true of this relief sculpture? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It has an inscription that credits its making to Gislebertus (i.e., Gislebertus hoc fecit), It contrasts the fates of the saved with those of the damned, It represents demons as hybrid animal-like creatures, It includes representations of two pilgrims

According to Bernard of Clairvaux, it was improper for monks to decorate their churches with expensive and elaborate architecture and works of art.

True

The technique used to decorate this object, where fields are hollowed slightly on a metal surface, filled with powdered glass and then fired, thereby fusing the glass to the surface to create an enamel, is called ____.

champlevé

The thin strips of lead used to join the individual pieces of colored glass in this window are called____.

cames

Over the course of the Gothic period, the sculptures along the jambs church portals became ____ naturalistic and ____ integrated into the surrounding architecture.

more / less

Which of the following ingredients gives medieval glass the different colors seen in this window?

metal oxides

Which of these interiors is best described by the term GOTHIC?

これ答え。

Although it was built to house precious relics from Christ's crucifixion purchased by Louis IX, the cost of building Sainte-Chapelle was much greater than what Louis IX paid for the relics themselves.

False

What are some of the structural advantages of the ribbed groin vault? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

It is easier to construct and requires less centering than an unribbed vault, The diagonal ribs carry much of the load, allowing the panels between the ribs to be lighter, The ribs can be positioned so that the vault covers complex areas, like pentagons or trapezoids, rather than just rectangles

Where did the GOTHIC style of architecture first appear?

In the region around Paris

How did the people of the town of Chartres interpret the fire that burned their cathedral in 1194?

As a sign that the Virgin Mary wanted them to build a more glorious cathedral

A(n) ____ was a highly-skilled builder who worked with the precisely cut blocks of stone used in the construction of Gothic cathedrals.

freemason

In its own time, the style of architecture we call Gothic was referred to as opus modernum (modern work) or opus francigenum (French work).

True

Which of the following motivated Abbot Suger to rebuild and expand the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis?

The church had connections to the line of Charlemagne, and rebuilding it would promote the authority of the current rulers of France, the Capetian kings

The black, teeth-like features along the edges of this building's plan mark the locations of the church's ____.

buttresses

The builders of this structure kept the external buttressing from projecting too far outwards in order to maximize the amount of direct sunlight hitting the stained glass.

True

The architectural feature between the red arrows in this image is called aln) ____.

flying buttress

Abbot Suger's incorporation of large expanses of stained glass decoration in the construction of his abbey church has been linked to his desire to create a space inside the church that existed metaphorically somewhere between the earthly and the heavenly realms.

True

The fanciful designs in the margin and at the bottom of the page of this illuminated manuscript are known as ____.

drôleries

The glaziers at the cathedral of Notre-Dame in Chartres balanced the amount of natural light entering the transept of the church by ____. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

using more red glass (which admits less light) in the southern window, using more blue glass (which admits more light) in the northern window

The precious relic held at the cathedral in Chartres is a tunic believed to have been worn by ____.

the Virgin Mary

The architectural feature indicated by the red arrows in this image is called a ____.

rib

Which of these carved portals is best described by the term GOTHIC?

これ答え。

Part of the reason that the fire in April of 2019 at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris burned so quickly was because the roof was supported by extensive wooden trusses of ancient oak beams.

True

External buttressing (and especially flying buttresses) allowed the builders of Gothic churches to ____.Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.

open up mural surfaces to create large stained glass programs, increase the height of the nave vaulting, move the church's structural support to the building's exterior

Survey of Western ARTs

21011925 NAGAI Yuki · 73問 · 2年前

Survey of Western ARTs

73問 • 2年前