問題一覧
1
What is Postdrome?
The last stage of migraine, happens after the headache. Results of symptoms in fatigue, mental fog and body ache
2
What does Abortive therapy do?
to be taken after acute migraine occurs, to be taken @ first sign of migraine (aura/headache)
3
Which of the following causes migraine?
Serotonin decreases , Vasodilation in Cranial arteries, Unstimulated serotonin receptors
4
Which are Tricyclic Antidepressant?
Amitriptyline (Generics)
5
What are the classic migraine components in order (7 marks) & are all of them experienced by everyone? If so, which is/isn’t?
-prodrome, aura, headache, headache relief, postdrome. -no, aura.
6
What does Prohylactic therapy do?
Attempts to prevent/reduce recurrence of migraine
7
What is Prodrome?
The first phase of migraine. Symptoms include: mood swings, anger, confusion, tremor, depression, anxiety, irritability. Known as preheadache
8
What are the symptoms of migraine?
Severe throbbing pain , Nausea , Photophobia, Phonophobia , Physical activity, Acute migraine attacks
9
What are the adverse effects of Triptans? Choose the common:
Pain, tightness, burning at site of inj , Dizziness, Fatigue, Nausea, Hot flashes, Dry mouth
10
What are the adverse effects of Triptans? Choose the less common + serious:
Stroke, High BP, Myocardial infarction (heart attack), Coronary vasospasm , Angina, Arrhythmia
11
Which are abortive therapy?
Serotonin-containing medications , Ergotamine-containing medications , Narcotic analgesics , Non-narcotic analgesics (i.e. NSAIDs)
12
For severe/frequent attacks, which drug therapy may be indicated?
Sedative, Antiemetic, Narcotic agents
13
Which are Antiemetic?
chlorpromazine (Thorazine) , metoclopramide (Reglan, Premosan*) , prochlorperazine (Compazine)
14
What are the 2 classes of migraine drug therapy?
Prophylactic therapy + abortive therapy
15
How to reduce or prevent migraines?
By stimulating serotonin receptors to block the production of CGRP, Having enough lvl of serotonin to stimulate the receptors, Causing vasoconstriction, Serotonin inducer
16
Which are prophylactic therapy?
Anticonvulsants , Beta blockers , Calcium channel blockers , Estrogen , Feverfew (a natural herb) , NSAIDs , SSRIs , Tricyclic antidepressants
17
Which are Anti-convulsant?
Valproate
18
Define Migraine Headache (3 marks)
-Severe, throbbing, vascular headache -repeated unilateral head pain -comes with neurologic and GI disturbances
19
What the initial treatment of migraine? (3 marks)
-identify + remove triggers -lying down in quiet + dark room -sleeping may help
20
Which are triptans?
almotriptan (Axert) , eletriptan (Replax*) , frovatriptan (Frova) , naratriptan (Naramig*) , rizatriptan (Maxalt*) , sumatriptan (Imigran*) , zolmitriptan (Zomig*)
21
Which are beta blocker?
propranolol (Inderal)
22
Which are opioid analgesic?
Butorphanol (Stadol, Stadol NS)
23
What is Aura?
Sensory sensitive to light/sound & feeling of deja vu (sensory disturbance)
24
Which are ergot derivatives
dihydroergotamine (Migranal) , ergotamine (Ergomar) , ergotamine-caffeine (Cafergot*)
25
Which are migraine triggers?
Diet, Stress, Depression , Sleep habits, Certain medications, Oral contraceptives , Hormonal fluctuations , Atmosphere changes, Environmental irritants