問題一覧
1
What is Topsoil?
Located beneath the seed bed, this is the plough layer extending to 30cm in depth and holds all crop roots and organic matter. It should encourage rooting, air flow and drainage to allow crop growth
2
What is Subsoil?
The soil beneath topsoil. This holds some crop roots.
3
What is soil structure?
Identification of the soil as Clay, Sandy Clay Loam or Sandy Loam
4
How is Land Classified?
Using DEFRA’s Land Classification Map using Grades 1 to 5 to include topography, climate and soil characteristics
5
What is Grade 1 Land?
Excellent quality land - Land that generates a high yielding crop due to its soil type and characteristics, climate and level topography. An example is arable land used for cereals in West Lancashire.
6
What is Grade 5 Land?
Poor quality land - steep topography, drainage issues, wet or dry climate, very low yield. An example is scrub land often found near moorlands
7
What is the average Dry Matter Content in Silage?
30%
8
What is Dry Matter (DM) Content?
The amount of feed (i.e dry substance), excluding water.
9
What Crop is This?
Wheat
10
What Crop is This?
Barley
11
What Crop is This?
Oil Seed Rape
12
What Crop is This?
Oats
13
What is the Cycle of a Sheep Farming System?
1st March - lambing June - shearing July (12 weeks later) - weaning July/August (20 weeks) - slaughter 5th October - Tupping January (80 days post tipping) - Scanning
14
What is a Wether?
A castrated male sheep
15
What is a Ewe?
A female sheep that has had her first lamb
16
What is a Tup / Ram
A non-castrated male sheep
17
What is a Gimmer Sheep?
A sheep that has not had her first lamb (usually up to 24 months)
18
What is a Hogg/Shearling?
A sheep that awaits its first two teeth (9 to 18 months)
19
What is the Gestation period of a Sheep?
148 days
20
Name 10 Beef Cows
Aberdeen Angus Limousin Charolais Hereford South Devon Saler Red Poll Simmentel British Blue Shorthorn
21
What is a Heifer?
A female cow that has not had her first calf
22
What is a Bull?
A male cow that has not been castrated
23
What is a Steer?
A male cow that has been castrated
24
When is Spring Barley Sown and Harvested?
Sown in Spring - March to April Harvested in Summer - August
25
When is Winter Barley Sown and Harvested?
Sown in Autumn - October Harvested in early summer - June/July
26
When is Spring Wheat Sown and Harvested?
Sown in Spring Harvested in Summer - August
27
When is OSR Sown and Harvested?
Sown in Autumn - October Harvested in early Summer - July
28
When are Oats Sown and Harvested?
Sown in Spring Harvested in Autumn - August- September
29
What does DEFRA stand for?
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
30
What Legilsation Governs Agriculture?
The Agriculture Act 2020
31
What Farm Support Schemes are Currently Available?
ELMS - Countryside Stewardship, Landscape Recovery and Sustainable Farming Incentive FETF
32
What is the Current Milk Price?
??
33
What is the Cost of Straw?
??
34
How Much is 1 tonne Silage?
£36 (£1.20 point based on 30% dry matter)
35
What is the Average Price of ewes/ hoggs/ lambs at foot
ewes- £200/head hoggs- £160-£170/head lambs- £100/head
36
What is the Average Price of a Ewe?
??
37
What is the Average Price of Store Cattle?
£1,200- £1800
38
What is the Average Price of a Calf?
??
39
What is the average yield of wheat?
Winter Wheat - 8t / ha Spring Wheat - 6t / ha
40
When are the Common Field Operations?
Subsoil - for deep rooted crops Plough Cultivate/power harrow - for finer seed bed Pre-emergence to stunt weed growth Fertiliser - add nutrients to soil Drill/sow Spray - to kill weeds Roll Harvest
41
What Is a Gross Margin and What Does It Include?
Gross Margin: Revenue minus variable costs (Output - Variable Costs) / Output = Gross Margin Outputs = profit, value of feed fed to livestock i.e barley grain and barley straw for bedding Variable Costs = seed, fertiliser, concentrates, vet & med *GROSS MARGIN DOES NOT INCLUDE FIXED COSTS i.e. labour, rent, fuel*
42
What do P, N and K stand for?
2 P - Phosphate 2 N - Nitrogen 1 K - Potash Fertiliser
43
What are Establishment Costs?
Ploughing - £80/ha Drilling - £70/ha Seed - £70ac Fertiliser - £40ac
44
What are Building Costs?
Fencing: £5m SPF Building: £160m2
45
What is an NVZ?
Nitrate Vulnerable Zones are areas at risk of nitrate pollution from agriculture. - reviewed every 4 years - covers 58% of UK land
46
What is a Mule?
Blue faced Leicester x hill ewe (swaledale)
47
What is the life cycle of a hill sheep?
lambs sold as stores or fat lambs etc?
48
What is the difference between hay and haylege?
Grass cut later to dry out hay has 20% less moisture