Which of the following treatments is least likely to be needed in the treatment of a child with croup?

Which of the following clinical findings suggests that a child with croup should be hospitalized? 1. stridor at rest 2. suprasternal retractions 3. cyanosis on room air 4. harsh breath sounds

Which of the following mechanisms is an uncommon route for the spread of pneumonia?

Therapeutic thoracentesis may be used to encourage lung reexpansion in a patient with pneumonia when atelectasis is part of the clinical presentation.

Which of the following clinical signs is NOT common with croup?

Which of the following types of pneumonia suggests that a patient acquired it through inhalation of infectious particles?

Which of the following would be the more common route for nosocomial pathogens to be transmitted?

Which of the following would be associated with a fatal outcome in a patient with pneumonia who is mechanically ventilated?

What mechanism has been found to be useful in minimizing the development of pneumonia associated with intubated patients?

Because of the hypoxemia associated with pneumonia, supplemental oxygen may be required.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about croup? 1. caused by viral organism 2. most common form of airway obstruction in children aged 6 months to 6 years 3. causes subglottic swelling and obstruction 4. most often caused by parainfluenza virus

Which of the following is the most common radiographic finding that suggests the presence of croup?

What finding on the chest radiograph is typical for a viral pneumonia?

A patient presents with pneumonia accompanied by foul-smelling breath, an absent gag reflex, and a recent loss of consciousness. What should be suspected?

Your patient has community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Which of the following symptoms are common with this type of pneumonia? 1. cough with purulent sputum 2. diarrhea 3. high fever 4. shaking chills

What clinical finding should raise your suspicion that a patient has developed hospital acquired pneumonia?

What is the most common identified cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

Which group of patients is most likely to develop pneumonia subsequent to large volume aspiration?

What is the likely diagnosis of an 18-month old patient in moderate respiratory distress with a one-week history of a low-grade fever and chills, barking cough, and an AP chest radiograph which shows a steeple sign?

Which of the following types of pneumonia suggests that a patient acquired it because of the reactivation of a latent infection, often in the setting of immunosuppression?

Idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension (IPAH) is often a fatal disease.

What is the most important factor contributing to the onset of pulmonary hypertension in the patient with COPD?

Which of the following are the main components of Virchow’s triad? 1. hypercoagulable states 2. vessel wall abnormalities 3. fibrinogen abnormalities 4. venous stasis

A D-dimer test is performed on a patient in whom a pulmonary embolism is suspected. The value comes back at 379 mg/L. What does this suggest?

Which of the following conditions predispose a patient to venous thromboembolic disease? 1. carcinoma 2. COPD 3. trauma 4. thrombocytosis

What treatment is initiated in patients suspected of pulmonary emboli, and continued until pulmonary emboli is ruled out?

Which of the following findings on a chest radiograph is NOT consistent with pulmonary embolism?

Which of the following physical examination findings are consistent with the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism? 1. congestive heart failure 2. inspiratory crackles on auscultation 3. loud P2 4. tachypnea

Most pulmonary infarctions occur in the lung apexes.

In patients suspected of having pulmonary emboli in whom noninvasive studies do not give a definite diagnosis, what diagnostic procedure is the test of choice?

What is the main hemodynamic consequence of pulmonary emboli?

Most hospitalized patients who are immobile need prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism.

What is the most frequent symptom found in patients with confirmed pulmonary emboli?

Which of the following pathophysiologic changes in the lung is not typically associated with pulmonary embolism?

Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is NOT associated with which of the following conditions?

Which of the following conditions contribute to the development of hypoxemia in a patient with pulmonary emboli? 1. cardiogenic shock 2. destruction of lung parenchyma 3. intrapulmonary shunt 4. V/Q mismatch

Where do most pulmonary emboli originate?

Primary pulmonary hypertension is more common in males than in females.

Unless there are contraindications, what treatment is given universally to all patients with idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension (IPAH)?

Which of the following arterial blood gas findings is seen in most patients with pulmonary embolism?