TOPIC 4

superficial

ir

ir

0.78-1000

0.78-1.4 micrometer, 760-1400 nm

1.4-3.0 micrometer, 1400-3000 nm

3.0-1.0 micrometer, 3000-1 mm

0.7-1.5 micrometer

7x10^14 to 400x10^14 hz

700-150000 nm

material molecular motion = IR emission, wavelength affected by body temp, increase temp = increase frequency and decrease wavelength

inc freq, dec wavelength

sun

electrical current through coiled resistance wire

luminous generators

luminous generators

luminous generators

luminous generators

luminous generators

luminous generators

nonluminous generators

nonluminous generators

4 micrometer

structure and type of tissue, vascularity, pigmentation, wavelength

intensity of source, wavelength and frequency, angle of rays to surface, coefficient absorption, absorptive properties of skin, distance of source

absorption, penetration, reflection

cosine law

inverse square law

0.7-1.2 micrometer

1.2

photochemical reaction

main physiologic effect from local tissue heating

pain

pain

jt stiffness

edema

skin lesions

arndt-schultz principle

law of grotthus draper

law of grotthus draper

cosine law

law of inverse square

rise in temp in sf levels, nerve stimulation, vasodilation, phagocytosis, reflex heating, pigmentation and erythema that disappears rapidly, sweating, bp decreases if large body part is heated for prolonged period of time

not more than 2 deg

1-2 deg

nerve stimulation

vasodilation

phagocytosis

mottled erythema

mottled erythema

erythema ab igne

erythema ab igne

reflected, absorbed, transmitted

f or w, thermal conductivity, specific heat, angle of incidence, source, distance from source

wien’s law

f

w

f or w

thermal conductivity

true

specific heat

1-2

angle of incidence

quantity of fat

density, patency, quantity

angle which they strike, type of surface, actual wavelength

cosine law

cos ABC = AB/BC

skin

inverse square law

ok

intensity in watts, distance, duration

10-20 mins

skin, subdermal, testicles, respiratory, susceptible subjects, optical damage

46-47 deg celsius

adhesion

apnea

elderly

corneal burns, retinal and lenticular injury

770-1500 nm, 770-4000 nm

1500-150000 nm, 4000-15000 nm

true

false

lesser intensity

false

less light will bounce back

true

increase absorption

deeper pentration

sf penetration

10 mm

1-3 mm

15 mins

30 mins

45-60 cm, 18-36 inches

near or short IR, subcutaneous tissue up to 10 mm, visible light, reflector hood, 18-24 inches distance, no warmup

reflector hood, far or long IR, superficial epidermis 1-3mm, minimal visibility, 29-36 inches, 5-10 min warmup

250-500W, 600-1500W, 1% UVR, 4.8% visible rays, absorbed in all layers, heat less intense, nearer, stimulate more perspiration, more deep

shallower, more frequent warmth, 750-1000W, 250-500W, no UVR, red visible rays, at corneum, small, gradual, more intense heat, absorbed only at epidermis