問題一覧
1
Relationship of angle of rays and the amount heat is absorbed is expressed in
cos ABC = AB/BC
2
Acute burns
46-47 deg celsius
3
Part of electromagnetic spectrum just beyond red portion of visible light and which gives rise to heat when absorbed
ir
4
States that proportion of rays absorbed varies as per the cosine of angle between the incident and the normal
cosine law
5
Distance of source
inverse square law
6
Uses filters = filter out blue and green light waves
luminous generators
7
Maximal penetration = wavelength of ____ micrometer
1.2
8
Amount of energy received by the patient will be governed by
intensity in watts, distance, duration
9
Less angle of incidence
less light will bounce back
10
Natural IR
sun
11
Ability of tissue to absorb heat and to conduct it across the tissue
thermal conductivity
12
Incrase cellular metabolism, speed up cell repair, stimulate other body systems, accelerated normal healing process
photochemical reaction
13
Amount of reflection depends on
angle which they strike, type of surface, actual wavelength
14
Incandescent tungsten and carbon filament within quartz tube/glass bulb
luminous generators
15
Response to intense IR
mottled erythema
16
Darker skin
increase absorption
17
Distance is directly proportional to the intensity
false
18
Physical behavior of IR
absorption, penetration, reflection
19
IRC
3.0-1.0 micrometer, 3000-1 mm
20
Factors affecting conduction of heat
density, patency, quantity
21
Pinkish rose or dark purplish brown patches
erythema ab igne
22
IR should be placed at a 60 deg angle or perpendicular to the part being treated
false
23
Wire and surrounding heated material = IR of different frequencies
nonluminous generators
24
IR wavelength
700-150000 nm
25
Infrared radiation provides ________ heat
superficial
26
Distance to IR lamps
45-60 cm, 18-36 inches
27
Tissue temp is directly proportional to the amount of radiation
true
28
Rays strike the skin or travel from one tissue to another = absorbed or reflected
angle of incidence
29
Absorption
structure and type of tissue, vascularity, pigmentation, wavelength
30
Wavelength of maximum production is inversely proportional to the absolute tenp or the source
wien’s law
31
Hazards of IR
skin, subdermal, testicles, respiratory, susceptible subjects, optical damage
32
Emit IR and visible IR
luminous generators
33
Luminous IR
near or short IR, subcutaneous tissue up to 10 mm, visible light, reflector hood, 18-24 inches distance, no warmup
34
White patches interspersed with vivid red blotches
mottled erythema
35
Tissues with low water content are pentrated to a greater extent and will absorb more electromagnetic energy than tissues with high water content
true
36
Analgesic effect when applied to superficial nerve
pain
37
Chronic duration
30 mins
38
IRB
1.4-3.0 micrometer, 1400-3000 nm
39
Optimal absorption will occur when the rays strike perpendicularly
cosine law
40
Fungal infection, psoriasis
skin lesions
41
May have or no effect
edema
42
Metal spiral coil (resistance wire) around non conducting material (ceramic)
nonluminous generators
43
States that rays must be absorbed to produce the effect and the effects will be produced at that point at which rays are absorbed
law of grotthus draper
44
Greater distance
lesser intensity
45
Continued exposure to non burning heat
erythema ab igne
46
Angle of rays to the surface
cosine law
47
Maximal reflection at wavelengths
0.7-1.2 micrometer
48
Portion of electromagnetic spectrum in between visible light and microwave
ir
49
Near or short IR
10 mm
50
IR on hand jt @ 45 deg celsius temp = 20% drop
jt stiffness
51
Clinically practiced IR
0.7-1.5 micrometer
52
Increase conduction velocity of normal nerves
pain
53
Quantity of heat required to raise the temp 1 deg
specific heat
54
PENETRATION
intensity of source, wavelength and frequency, angle of rays to surface, coefficient absorption, absorptive properties of skin, distance of source
55
Respiratory system hazard
apnea
56
Treatment time
10-20 mins
57
Tenp rise in sf dermis
1-2 deg
58
Artificial IR
electrical current through coiled resistance wire
59
Subdermal tissue harzard
adhesion
60
Far or long IR
1500-150000 nm, 4000-15000 nm
61
In cases of suppurative inflammation
phagocytosis
62
Skin: ____ deg celsius rise in temp
1-2
63
Kaya moyan ikaw nay bahala
ok
64
Production of IR by bodies
material molecular motion = IR emission, wavelength affected by body temp, increase temp = increase frequency and decrease wavelength
65
Frequency of IR
7x10^14 to 400x10^14 hz
66
No reaction can occur in body tissues if amount of energy absorbed is insufficient to stimulate absorbing tissue
arndt-schultz principle
67
Peak wavelength of 1 micrometer
luminous generators
68
Directly proportional to absolute temp
f
69
Susceptible subjects hazard
elderly
70
Optical damage hazard
corneal burns, retinal and lenticular injury
71
Available with power levels between 250 and 1500 watts
luminous generators
72
Decreased bp
vasodilation
73
Far or long IR
sf penetration
74
Luminous IR
250-500W, 600-1500W, 1% UVR, 4.8% visible rays, absorbed in all layers, heat less intense, nearer, stimulate more perspiration, more deep
75
Near or short IR
deeper pentration
76
Alterations in metabolic and circulatory behavior
main physiologic effect from local tissue heating
77
AKA principle of photochemical activation
law of grotthus draper
78
Depends on absolute temp
f or w
79
Intensity of rays from a point source varies inversely with the square of distance of source
inverse square law
80
Absorption and penetration depends on
f or w, thermal conductivity, specific heat, angle of incidence, source, distance from source
81
NONLUMINOUS IR
shallower, more frequent warmth, 750-1000W, 250-500W, no UVR, red visible rays, at corneum, small, gradual, more intense heat, absorbed only at epidermis
82
Peak wavelength for nonluminous generators
4 micrometer
83
Absorption and penetration of IR can either be
reflected, absorbed, transmitted
84
IR radiation is absorbed most be tissues with high IR absorption coefficient
true
85
Study this kapoy type
ok
86
Near or short IR
770-1500 nm, 770-4000 nm
87
Increase temp
inc freq, dec wavelength
88
Radiant heaters
luminous generators
89
IRA
0.78-1.4 micrometer, 760-1400 nm
90
Nonluminous IR
reflector hood, far or long IR, superficial epidermis 1-3mm, minimal visibility, 29-36 inches, 5-10 min warmup
91
Decrease pain and muscle spasm = predicted to decrease gamma fiber activity
nerve stimulation
92
Far or long IR
1-3 mm
93
Subacute duration
15 mins
94
Impedes conductivity
quantity of fat
95
Inversely proportional to absolute temp
w
96
Physiologic responses to IR
rise in temp in sf levels, nerve stimulation, vasodilation, phagocytosis, reflex heating, pigmentation and erythema that disappears rapidly, sweating, bp decreases if large body part is heated for prolonged period of time
97
Cosine law: 95% absorbed only even if rays are perpendicular
skin
98
Temp rise in deeper dermis
not more than 2 deg
99
IR characteristic wavelength in micrometer
0.78-1000
100
States that intensity of a beam of rays form a point source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source
law of inverse square