Infrared radiation provides ________ heat

Portion of electromagnetic spectrum in between visible light and microwave

Part of electromagnetic spectrum just beyond red portion of visible light and which gives rise to heat when absorbed

IR characteristic wavelength in micrometer

IRA

IRB

IRC

Clinically practiced IR

Frequency of IR

IR wavelength

Production of IR by bodies

Increase temp

Natural IR

Artificial IR

Radiant heaters

Incandescent tungsten and carbon filament within quartz tube/glass bulb

Emit IR and visible IR

Peak wavelength of 1 micrometer

Uses filters = filter out blue and green light waves

Available with power levels between 250 and 1500 watts

Metal spiral coil (resistance wire) around non conducting material (ceramic)

Wire and surrounding heated material = IR of different frequencies

Peak wavelength for nonluminous generators

Absorption

PENETRATION

Physical behavior of IR

Angle of rays to the surface

Distance of source

Maximal reflection at wavelengths

Maximal penetration = wavelength of ____ micrometer

Incrase cellular metabolism, speed up cell repair, stimulate other body systems, accelerated normal healing process

Alterations in metabolic and circulatory behavior

Analgesic effect when applied to superficial nerve

Increase conduction velocity of normal nerves

IR on hand jt @ 45 deg celsius temp = 20% drop

May have or no effect

Fungal infection, psoriasis

No reaction can occur in body tissues if amount of energy absorbed is insufficient to stimulate absorbing tissue

AKA principle of photochemical activation

States that rays must be absorbed to produce the effect and the effects will be produced at that point at which rays are absorbed

States that proportion of rays absorbed varies as per the cosine of angle between the incident and the normal

States that intensity of a beam of rays form a point source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source

Physiologic responses to IR

Temp rise in deeper dermis

Tenp rise in sf dermis

Decrease pain and muscle spasm = predicted to decrease gamma fiber activity

Decreased bp

In cases of suppurative inflammation

Response to intense IR

White patches interspersed with vivid red blotches

Continued exposure to non burning heat

Pinkish rose or dark purplish brown patches

Absorption and penetration of IR can either be

Absorption and penetration depends on

Wavelength of maximum production is inversely proportional to the absolute tenp or the source

Directly proportional to absolute temp

Inversely proportional to absolute temp

Depends on absolute temp

Ability of tissue to absorb heat and to conduct it across the tissue

Tissues with low water content are pentrated to a greater extent and will absorb more electromagnetic energy than tissues with high water content

Quantity of heat required to raise the temp 1 deg

Skin: ____ deg celsius rise in temp

Rays strike the skin or travel from one tissue to another = absorbed or reflected

Impedes conductivity

Factors affecting conduction of heat

Amount of reflection depends on

Optimal absorption will occur when the rays strike perpendicularly

Relationship of angle of rays and the amount heat is absorbed is expressed in

Cosine law: 95% absorbed only even if rays are perpendicular

Intensity of rays from a point source varies inversely with the square of distance of source

Study this kapoy type

Amount of energy received by the patient will be governed by

Treatment time

Hazards of IR

Acute burns

Subdermal tissue harzard

Respiratory system hazard

Susceptible subjects hazard

Optical damage hazard

Near or short IR

Far or long IR

Tissue temp is directly proportional to the amount of radiation

Distance is directly proportional to the intensity

Greater distance

IR should be placed at a 60 deg angle or perpendicular to the part being treated

Less angle of incidence

IR radiation is absorbed most be tissues with high IR absorption coefficient

Darker skin

Near or short IR

Far or long IR

Near or short IR

Far or long IR

Subacute duration

Chronic duration

Distance to IR lamps

Luminous IR

Nonluminous IR

Luminous IR

NONLUMINOUS IR

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