– pertains to the FORCE OR INTENSITY OF EXPRESSION which contributes to the importance or VIVID IMPRESSION to something. To do this, a text can be ENLARGED, be BOLD or ITALICIZED, darkened or lightened, or underlined.

– refers to how suitable or appropriate the text is for the target audience, intention or purpose, or event.

The selection criteria (TONE, STYLE, PURPOSE, CLARITY) should BE FOLLOWED In the creation of text-based content. The discussion of font characteristics must be considered when choosing the typefaces to be used in an output. Large bodies of text must use fonts that are READABLE AND CLEAR.

– refers to the DISTANCE OF TEXT ELEMENTS from each other. Things that are closely related should be brought together. Otherwise, text elements should be placed far from each other. For example, the placements of the main title and subtitles are usually close to each other.

– refers to the PROPER POSITIONING or STATE OF ADJUSTMENT of parts in relation to each other (Merriam-Webster Dictionary).

The text positioned in the page can be LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER OR JUSTIFIED.

– refers to the act or process of ORGANIZING VARIOUS ELEMENTS of text in a page. Although elements of text are sorted away from each other (based on the principle of proximity), the organization sees to it that somehow, they are still connected with the rest of the elements in the page.

– the UNITY OF THE ENTIRE DESIGN and CONSISTENCY OF ELEMENTS are the concerns. However, when various typefaces are used on a page, it might result in distraction and failure to communicate the content of the text.

– refers to the degree of DIFFERENCE between things having similar or comparable natures. Visual interest in text elements is generated by this. It can be achieved when we combine the following elements: large fonts with small fonts, serif and sans serif, thin and thick elements, and warm and cool colors.

This refers to persons who are involved in the USE, ANALYSIS, EVALUATION and PRODUCTION of media and information

It is an ASSEMBLY OF PEOPLE with a COMMON INTEREST where they become the main MEANS OF MASS COMMUNICATION.

are MEDIA themselves since they have the ABILITY FOR MASS COMMUNICATION.

Characteristics of People Media

- proficient in the use of technology, especially computers

- able to be BELIEVED, capable of being believed; plausible. Worthy of CONFIDENCE; RELIABLE

- knows how to use a RANGE of TECHNOLOGY; able to change or to do different things

- APPEALS to the senses of different people

- in the know of the LATEST information

- expressing oneself easily in CLEAR and EFFECTIVE language

– knowledge was passed on THROUGH FOLK MEDIA and INDIGENOUS forms of media. Careers: Town Crier, Messenger, Community Scribe

– while EDUCATION was LIMITED to the elite, publication of books (i.e., Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo) and newspapers (La Solidaridad) advanced the Propaganda movement which led to the PEOPLE’S REVOLUTION against Spanish rule. Filipinos at that time did NOT HAVE A COMMON LANGUAGE.

– during this era, major newspaper (i.e. Manila Times and Manila Bulletin), radio BROADCASTING and MOVIES became available. Media was used for by the GOVERNMENT and other groups.

– the GOLDEN AGE of PHILIPPINE Journalism. ADVERTISING, COMMUNICATION EDUCATION, and PRESS FREEDOM flourished in this era.

– highlights of this era include the GOVERNMENT TAKEOVER of media and the press and the image engineering of the MARCOSES in the name of nationalism.

– PEOPLE POWER brought GREATER FREEDOM For Philippine Media. During this era, the NEW CONSTITUTION RECOGNIZED the vital role of communication and information in nation-building. Press freedom influenced the growth in media careers.

– Careers: Web Designer, Online Instructor, Digital Producer, Blogger, Animator, Programmer, Archivist, Metadata Analyst, Data Miner, User Experience Designer, Call Center Agent, Virtual Assistant

These are individuals who serve as CHANNELS OF INFORMATION DISSEMINATION.

They are the media itself. The PERSON serves as a MEDIUM for ANOTHER PERSON TO LEARN or acquire new knowledge.

They are the SOURCE OF VIABLE INTERPRETATION of messages for LOWER-END MEDIA users and oftentimes the OPINIONS ARE ACCEPTED BY A GROUP.

They are highly exposed to and actively using media

explains the ROLE OF OPINION LEADERS in developing CONSCIOUSNESS among LOWER-END USERS OF MEDIA.

The proponents of the theory are

It is alternatively known as the DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION THEORY because innovative IDEAS ARE DIFFUSED OR TRANSFERRED to media users through opinion leaders

TWO-STEP THEORY is ALSO KNOWN AS

KATZ identified the following reasons as to why opinion leaders are more influential than the media themselves:

These are people WITHOUT PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM training and can USE THE TOOLS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY and internet to create, augment or fact-check media on their own or in collaboration with others.

also known as “public,” “participatory,” “democratic,” “guerrilla,” or “street” journalism.

This occurs when members of REPORTAGE, ANALYSIS, and DISSEMINATION of news and INFORMATION GO OTHER CITIZENS.

refers to ANY TYPE OF NEWS GATHERING and REPORTING—writing and publishing articles about newsworthy topic, or posting photographs or video of a newsworthy event—that is done by members of the GENERAL PUBLIC RATHER THAN THE PROFESSIONAL news agencies commonly referred to as “MAINSTREAM MEDIA.”

HERE, Journalist are using SOCIAL MEDIA to make their content available to more people

is the PRACTICE OF OBTAINING NEEDED SERVICES, IDEAS or CONTENT by soliciting contributions from a LARGE GROUP OF PEOPLE and especially from the ONLINE COMMUNITY.

This is when a GROUP OF PEOPLE or a CROWD is SOLICITED FOR INFORMATION by certain entities or institutions.

Crowdsourcing is also called as

It is an American ONLINE TRAVEL COMPANY that OPERATES A WEBSITE and mobile app with USER-GENERATED CONTENT and a COMPARISON-SHOPPING WEBSITE.

is a company founded by Stephen Kaufer.

Tripadvisor, Inc. is a company founded by

It is the WORLD’S LARGEST TRAVEL SITE enabling travelers to PLAN and have the PERFECT TRIP.

is a COMMUNITY-DRIVEN GPS and NAVIGATIONAL app that GUIDES you through the SHORTEST ROUTE possible while DRIVING

It works on a SMARTPHONE and can help you FIND DIRECTIONS and avoid TRAFFIC JAMS.

It provides REAL-TIME DIRECTIONS that are adjusted on-the-fly to account for various types of potential obstacles.

Examples of Crowdsourcing

are APPLICATIONS allowing several people to COLLABORATE, MODIFY, EXTEND, or DELETE the CONTENTS OR STRUCTURE of a particular page devoted to a topic or content.

has NO DEFINED WRITER OR AUTHOR and has a LITTLE IMPLICIT STRUCTURE, allowing structure to emerge according to the needs of the users.

These people are MEDIA PRACTITIONERS, they provide information coming from their EXPERT KNOWLEDGE or FIRST-HAND EXPERIENCE OF EVENTS

These are people who manipulate behind the lens and pen.

They use TEXT, AUDIO, VISUAL, AND MULTIMEDIA to SPREAD INFORMATION and messages for the public.

those involved in the MEDIA FORMS that thy are primarily engage in— print, broadcast, film, new media, and gaming.

Types of Journalist by Medium

- these are people who UNDERWENT TRAINING IN JOURNALISM WRITING. Equipped with the FUNDAMENTAL AND SIGNIFICANT KNOWLEDGE and strategies in writing news and stories based from real events in the community; written for the people in the community. They generally REPORT IN NEWSPAPER AND MAGAZINE.

- they are PHYSICALLY AND EMOTIONALLY ATTACHED to their HIGH END CAMERAS Nwhich they use to CAPTURE IMPORTANT SCENES and events from the surroundings which carry with it stories that give impact to the society as a whole.

- they are who we often see on TELEVISION, giving us UPDATES on the local, national, and word events. They are SKILLED not just in journalism but also in PUBLIC SPEAKING.

- they are the ones who have abilities in ACCESSING, EVALUATING and PRODUCING INFORMATION using several forms of media. Mostly, they make use of SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES to CONNECT to the MASSES for EASY AND WIDER DISSEMINATION of their reliable news stories

writes books, lengthy stories or articles -genetal reference material, novel, scholarly works

more associated with writing literary works -poem, short stories, articles as an occupation

same with writer (who spends time writing articles of particular interest) -ONLY submit articles depending on he thene or space available -some writers work as freelance writers

writes and shares opinion, insights, commentaries about social or political issues

writes personal opinions on topics or issues that interest them -online journals or webs

coordinates with author kt writer in planning, reviewing, and revising content for publication coordinate with the layout artist to ensure all corrections are carried out from start to end gives final say

preparing, acquiring, and managing a publication -works with tesn kf writers, authors, and layout artist -decides on the type and theme of material to be published.

It has made research work easier.

Through this and by using a web browser, consumers can directly buy goods over the internet. Consumers may visit the website of the retailer directly or search alternative vendors’ websites using a shopping search engine

It is the collection, dissemination and analysis of news and information by the general public, especially by means of the internet.

. With internet connection, anyone can earn a degree without having to attend face-to-face class sessions.

With the unabated spread of media, one has to be very careful about access. There is a wealth of information one can gain from the Internet, but there is also content that is unfit for children and young people like pornography and violence.

The Internet has also been, and continues to be, used by unscrupulous people to further their illegal activities, like human trafficking, the use of force, force, fraud, or coercion to obtain a commercial sex act or labor, and child pornography. Some groups also use the internet to further the ideas of racism and discrimination.

. Data posted on the Internet may be accessed and used for illegal activities. Personal information may be willingly shared as pictures or text on social media or inadvertently given by users as part of such offerings as games or surveys.

It is the fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information such as username, passwords and credit card details by disguising oneself as trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.

A person commits this if he/she, with malice, publishes a false statement that is damaging to another person’s reputation, office, trade, business or means of livelihood.

______ is a violation of Article 355 of the Revised Penal Code. As stated in this article, ______ can be committed in the form of writing, printing, and other similar means.

Libel is a violation of Article ______ of the _______.

If the hurtful statement is spoken, the statement is ______

______ refers to the unauthorized duplication of copyrighted content that is then sold at substantially lower prices in the black market

It is illegal under the Cybercrime Law, which states that acquiring any digital copy of any copyrighted material is punishable by fine from Php 200,000 to Php 500,000 and six to twenty years in prison.

These laws were previously in place to combat piracy in the country.

is a form of theft as it takes away from the producers and artists the rightful compensation due them such as patent/royalty fees, product sales revenues, etc

In 2011, the Washington-based office of the US Trade Representative (USTR) as one of the world’s listed ________ (place) among the 21 most “notorious markets” for pirated and counterfeit goods.

This law covers all other online anomalies such as identity theft, child pornography, data misuse, cybersquatting and other computer-related and internet facilitated practices. This law became controversial in 2012-2013 since it also criminalizes libel in the online world, limiting certain exercises of freedom of expression.

It is the process of developing a new method or process or product that better serves existing uses or starts to serve a previously unidentified need.

It includes the change in several aspects of the media landscape – from the development of new media platforms to new business models, to new ways of producing media texts changes in other areas such as education, society, economy and politics

It enhances the teaching and learning processes inside the four walls of the classrooms. Media comes in different forms and each form affects the way people learn and interpret information.

Teachers can use modern technology, such as an interactive Smart Board, to deliver the lessons and activities. However, a piece of chalk, blackboard, Manila paper and other non-digital or non-interactive interactive instruments like CDs and DVDs can still be used to aid teachers in conducting lessons if the resources are limited.

Because of these, necessary societal interactions, camaraderie, and development of friendships are facilitated. The way we now deal with people with different personalities, opinions, and ideas, the way we access information about human life, relationships, education, careers, entertainment, and others, and the way we do business to promote products and services online are all conducted with modern media.

The new media has made it possible for any individual to offer products and services online. The various media platforms are a means to augment people’s income. It is indeed true that the new media affect the economic progress and stability of the country.

With the wider internet reach in the Philippines and the corresponding increase in Filipino social media users, political individuals and parties and government agencies have realized the effectiveness and power of social media platforms in terms of public communication.

also called E-diplomacy is a government’s use of social media and information technology to COMMUNICATE to the PUBLIC, especially foreign public. Foreign ministries, embassies and other government agencies have social media accounts especially on Twitter and Facebook.