6- Puberty A time when the child represses sexual thoughts and engages in non sexual activities such as developing social and intellectual skills

Puberty - Adulthood time when the individual has renewed sexual desires that he or she seeks to fulfill through relationships with other people

followers of freud who agreed with some of his theoretical ideas but changed and renovated others to develop their own approaches

is a five developmental period each marked by potential conflict between parent and child the conflicts arises as a child seeks pleasure from different erogenous zones by Sigmund Freud

Emphasizes our capacity for personal growth, development of our potential, and freedom to choose our destiny

3 Characteristics of Humanistic Theories

Is the idea that your perception of the world wether it's accurate or not becomes your reality

- arranges in ascending order with biological needs at the bottom and personal needs at the top.

Two General Factors of Needs

are physiological needs (food, sleep) and psychological needs (safety, love, esteem) that we try to fulfill if they are not met.

are those at the higher levels and include the desire for truth, goodness, beauty, and justice

according to Rogers, is based on our actual experiences and represents how we really see ourselves.

according to Rogers, is based on our hopes and wishes and reflects how we would like to see ourselves.

involves showing a person a series of 20 pictures of people in ambiguous situations and asking the person to make up a story about what the people are doing or thinking in each situation.

is the scientific study of optimal human functioning, focusing on the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. It aims to better understand the positive, adaptive, and fulfilling aspects of human life.

refers to the use of various tools, such as psychological tests or interviews, to measure various characteristics, traits, or abilities in order to understand behaviors and predict future performances or behaviors

used to measure observable or overt traits and behaviors as well as unobservable or covert characteristics. Used to identify personality problems and psychological disorders.

which measure our general potential solve problems, think abstractly and profit from experience

Measured what is we have learned

Include Achievement Tests, aptitude test, and intelligence Tests

which measure are potential for learning or acquiring a specific skill

includes love, sympathy, warmth, acceptance, and respect, which we crave from family, friends, and people who are important to us.

is the positive regard we receive if we behave in certain acceptable ways, such as living up to or meeting the standards of others.

- is the warmth, acceptance, and love that other shows you because you are valued as a human being even though you may disappoint people by behaving in ways that are different from their standards or values or the way they think.

Basic unit for measuring personality characteristics is the

An approach for analyzing structure of personality by measuring, identifying and classifying similarities and differences in personality characteristics or traits

Divisions of Mind

Refers to the confidence in your ability to organize and execute a give course of action to solve a problem or accomplish a task

Is a stable and consistent tendencies in how aan individual adjust to his or her environment according to Allport

Is a relatively stable and enduring tendency to behave in a particular way

Organizes personality traits and describes differences in personality using five categories: Openness, Consciousness, Extraversion, , agreeableness, and neuroticism

Refers to the influence of repressed thoughts, desires, impulses on our conscious thoughts and behaviors

We automatically repressed our thoughts because of their disturbing content abd cannot voluntarily access

A very radical or dramatic shift in one's personality, beliefs or values in minutes, hours or days

Include our emotional makeup and our biological anf genetic influences

Include our social, political, and cultural influences as we as our particular learning experiences

Refers to our beliefs about how much control we have over situations or rewards

If we believe that we do notbhave control over situations, rewards or what happens next.

Response that consists of four components. 1 You interpret some stimulus, 2. You experience a subjective feeling. 3? Physiological responses such as fear or happiness. 4. Observable Behaviors

Says emotions originate in the brain; they are not the result of physiological responses

emphasizes how interpretations of situations result in emotional feelings

Studies the underlying neural bases of mood and emotion

Emphasizes how physiological changes in the body gives rise to emotional feelings

Is usually indicated by smiling and laughing, q mental state that canresult from momentary pleasures

include several areas of the brain such as the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area and several neurotransmitters especially dopamine

The ability to perceive emotions accurately, tontake feelings into account when readoning

Is changes in sweating of the fingers that accompany emotional experiences and are independent of perspiration under normal temperatures

Are based on theory rhat if a person tells a lie , he or she qill feel some guilt or fear through the machine called polygraph

A lie detectoon procedure in which examiner asks two questions elicit little and large emotional response. A person answers Yes or No

The confidence in your ability to organize qnd execute a give course of action to solve a problem or tasks

couned by P.T Barnum that refers to method of listing many general traits so that almost everyone who reads horoscope thinks that these traits specifically apply to him or her.

True- false self- report questionnaire that consist 338 statements describing norml and abnormal behaviors. To measure personality style and adjustment in individuals with mental illness

Also called self - report questionnaire that has specific written statements that require individuals to indicate. (I.e. checking if true or false)

Characterized by recurrent and unexpected attacks. The person becomes so worried about having another panic attack that this intense worrying interferes with normal psychological functioning

Period of intense fear or discomfort or more of the following symptoms prsent: dizziness, shortness of breath, nausea, trembling, sweating

Anxious or threatening feeling that comes when we interpret situation as being more than our psychological resources can adequately handle

Are conditions or events that fives rise to stress

The thinking and behaviors we engage to kanage stressors

initial, subjective evaluation of situation in which we balance the demands of a potentially stressful situation against our ability to meet these demands

A situation that uou have alreadu sustaineed some damage or injury

Loss of a situation has not happen yet but you determine that it will happen in the near future

You have already potential for gain or personal growth but you have to stabilize your physical energy and psychological resources to meet challenging situations

Is the feeling you would experience when you must choose between two or more incompatible possibilities or options

Involves choosing between two situations yhat both have pleasurable consequences

Choosing between two situations that both have disagreeable consequences

Involves a single situation that has both pleasurable abd disagreeable aspects

Which is form of cognitive learning that results from watching and modelling that does not require to perform any observable behaviors

arises when there is an unconscious conflict between the id and superego's desires on how to satisfy a need, with the ego caught in the middle

Pleasant and desirable type of stress

Combination of three personality traits —control, commitment, and challenge that protects us from potential harmful effects

Stable personality traits that believes good things will happen

Believing and expectung that vad things will happen

Impatient, Hostile, Workaholic

Specifies an individual who feels hungry and hostile most of the time but may or may not express emotions publicly

Characterized as easy - going , calm, relaxed, and patient

Chronic Distress Two Emotional States: Negative Affectivity, Social Inhibition

Coping pattern of doing something about a particular problem. Taking whatever actioj that is needed to resolve the difficulty

Copping pattern dealing with one's negative feelings. Deals emotional distress and avoiding the situation

Involves deciding to deal with a potentially stressful situation by usingbone or two different patterns: Emotion - focused Coping, Problem focused Coping

An in - depyh analysis of the thoughts and feelings or behaviors of an individual without much ability to control or manipulate situations or variables

A method for identifying cause and effect relationship by following a set of guidelines that cojtrol, manipulate and measure variables while minimizing the possibility of error and bias

Autonomic Nervous System consiste of

Causes physiological arousal by increasing geart ratex breathing, blood pressure and secretion of hormones

Calms and relaxes the body by decreasing physiological responses and simulating digestion

Also called Working Memory

Results when new information enters short term memory and overwrites or pushes out information tha is already there

better recall at the end of body of information

Two Kinds of Effortful Encodung

Remembering depends in how information is encoded

Is a procedure in which an ecperimenter successively reinforces behaviors that lead up to or approximate the desired behavior

The goal of this condutioning is to increase and decrease the rate of response that involves shaping

The goal of this conditioning that create a new response to a neutral stimulus

The response is contingent on the consequences.

Emmitted Response. Are shaped to emit the desired response

When a neural stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus

The animal's behavior is voluntary

An animal learns a predictable relationship between stimuli

Engaging with unconditioned stimulus elicits an involuntary reflex response

Refers to inherited tendencies or response displayed by newborn animals when they encounter certain stimuli in their environment

Called Aha Experience