It is a set of principles relating to the functions of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling, and the applications of these principles in harnessing physical, financial, human and information resources efficiently and effectively to achieve organizational goals.

Function of Leadership

Function of Management

set out to achieve organizational goals by implementing processes, such as budgeting, organizational structing, and staffing. Managers’ vision is bound to the implementation strategies, planning, and organizing tasks to reach the objectives set out by leaders.

on the other hand, are considered as visionaries. They set the pathways to excel organizational growth.

are more focused on how to align and influence people rather than how to assign work to them.

achieve their goals by suing coordinated activities and tactical processes.

is a role that frequently refers to a specific job within an organization’s structure,

has a more ambiguous definition

“one head and one plan for a group of activities having the same objective

is the price of the services rendered

the authority is concentrated only in a few hands

is the formal line of authority, communication, and responsibility within an organization.

Order for things is called

order for people is called

is the combination of kindness and justice.

gives satisfaction to the employees and brings success to the organization

means Team Spirit, the management should create unity, cooperation, and team-spirit among the subordinates.

the continuous process of making present entrepreneurial decisions systematically and with best possible knowledge of their future, organizing systematically the efforts needed to carry out these decisions and measuring the results of the decisions against the expectations through organized and systematic feedback.

Characteristics of Planning

the process of creating structure for the organization that will enable the various players to work together effectively towards its objectives

basic framework of formal relationship among responsibilities, tasks, and people in the organization.

It refers to the logical groupings into manageable sizes of organizational activities that belong together.

It refers to the process of integrating departments both horizontally and vertically

It defines the reporting lines of individuals and groups in the organizations

It implies that each subordinate must have only one manager to report.

It refers to the number of subordinates working under one manager.

also known as Human resource, is the function of hiring and retaining a suitable work-force for both at managerial as well as non-managerial levels.

It involves the estimation of manpower in terms of searching, choosing the person and giving the right place.

is the process of identifying the sources for prospective candidates to stimulate them to apply for jobs in the organization.

is the process of choosing from among the candidates the most suitable person for the current position or the future position.

may be defined as the determination of the job to which a selected candidate is to be assigned, and his assignment to the job.

any type of compensation or payment that an individual or employee receive as payment for their services or the work that they do for an organization or company.

is a regular review of am employee’s job performance and contribution to a company, Organizations use performance appraisals to determine which employees have contributed the most to the company’s growth, review progress, and reward high-achieving workers.

defined as the movement of an employee from one position to another position of a higher pay grade or salary.

is defined as the movement of an employee from one position to another position at the same pay grade level or similar salary.

is a managerial function which actuates the organizational method to work efficiently to achieve organizational goals.

It implies overseeing the work of subordinates by their superiors. It is the act of watching & directing work & workers

It involves inspiring, stimulating or encouraging the subordinates with zeal to work.

It is a process by which a manager guides and influences the work of subordinates in desired direction.

It is the process of passing information, experience, opinion etc. from one person to another. It is a bridge of understanding.

the measurement & correction of performance activities of subordinates in order to make sure that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to obtain them as being accomplished.

are the expression of management-approved performance threshold, expectations, and requirements that are to be met so that the employees are eligible for appraisal.