Lesson 1

82問 • 1年前

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the study of compounds, chemical reactions and molecular interactions, that are Involved in the production, maintenance and reproduction of living organisms.

Biochemistry

study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms

Biochemistry

The science that deals with the chemistry of living tissues and the substances that takes part in the metabolism.

Biochemistry

Knowledge of blochemistry can be utilized to preventive malnutrition

True

Knowledge of blochemistry is very essential for designing many drugs useful in variety of pathologic conditions

True

Knowledge of fbiochemistry helps understand the chemical aspects of different biological processes such as digestion respiration, reproduction excretion and behavior of hormones, contraction and relaxation of muscles and many more

True

It has contributed to our understanding of disease and their treatment

True

It helps to Investigate the chemical reactions that takes place within plants, animals and microorganisms

True

It helps to Investigate the chemical interactions that takes part within plants, animals and microorganisms

False

It has hinder to our understanding of disease and their treatment

False

Knowledge of biochemistry helps understand the chemical reactions of same biological processes such as digestion respiration, reproduction excretion and behavior of hormones, contraction and relaxation of muscles and many more.

False

Knowledge of blochemistry is unessential for designing many drugs useful in variety of pathologic conditions

False

Knowledge of blochemistry can be lead to malnutrition

False

an area of blochemistry which aims to understand the biological macromolecules, especially in proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA

structural biochemistry

the study of biological catalyst and enzyme such as certain proteins and certain catalytic RNA and certain coenzymes and cofactor such as metals and vitamins

Enzymology

an area of chemistry that deals with the study of organic compounds (those that contains carbon-carbon and carbon hydrogen covalent bond) those that comes specifically from living organisms

Biooraganic chemistry

made up of about 70-90% water and 10-30% solids. Of the solids 1% is inorganic and the rests are organic substances

tissues

Tissues are made up of about _______;water and 10-30% solids. Of the solids 1% is inorganic and the rests are organic substances

70-90

Tissues are made up of about 70-90% water and _____solids. Of the solids 1% is inorganic and the rests are organic substances

10-30%

Tissues are made up of about 70-90% water and 10-30% solids. Of the solids ____ is inorganic and the rests are organic substances

The water component is found partly in the ______

free state

High water content

blood, brain, muscle

low water content

bone, teeth, adipose tissue

made up of sodlum, potassium, magnesium, calcium and ammonium in the from of chlorides, sulfates phosphates and carbonates etc.

inorganic substances

attraction between hydrogen atom and a polar molecuel

hydrogen bond

Interaction that depends on the attraction of unlike charges

salt bridge

Forces occurs between molecules that are dipole with the partial positive side of one molecule attracting the partial negative of one molecule

dipole dipole

attraction between non polar molecules

hydrophobic bonds

Non covalent bond

hydrogen bond, salt bridge, ion dipole, dipole dipole, hydrophobic bond, vandeer waals forces

substances that dissoclates into one or more hydrogen lons and one or more anions

acid

Because H+ is a single proton with one positive charge an acid is called a" proton donor"

acids

Because H is a single proton with one positive charge an acid is called a" _____

proton donor

are substances that dissociates Into one or more hydroxide lons (OH) and one or more cations..

bases

Acid

anions

Bases

cations

Because OH- have strong attraction to protons a base is also known as "proton acceptor."

bases

Because OH have strong attraction to protons a base is also known as "________."

proton acceptor

substances that when dissolve in water, dissociates into cations and anions neither of which is H+ or OH-.

salts

They acts as electrolytes that transmit electric current through nerves and tissues.

salt

They provide many chemical elements in intra and extra cellular fluids such as the lymph, blood and interstitial fluids

salts

substances which when dissolve in water dissociates into charged particles called "ions"

electrolytes

Charged particles

ions

Positively charged ions

cations

Negatively charged ions

anions

Function of electrolytes in our body

Regulate nerve and muscle function, Hydrate the body, Balance blood acidity and pressure, Help rebuild damaged tissues

Important electrolyte in our body

sodium , potassium , chloride , calcium , phosphate , bicarbonate

Substances that resist a change in ph

buffer

capacity is the measure of the amount of acid or base that can be absorbed by a given buffer solution

buffering

Chemical reactions occuring in the living matter

oxidation , reduction , hydrolysis , condensation , tautomerism

most of the energy liberated by living matter is derived from the oxidation of organic substances such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

oxidation

Two type of oxidation

aerobic oxidation, anaerobic oxidation

Oxidation takes place in the presence of free oxygen

aerobic oxidation

occurs in the absence of free oxygen either by loss of H or loss of electrons (gain in valence)

anaerobic oxidation

reverse of oxidation. It is a simultaneous and corresponding reactions to oxidation. It maybe brought by; a. Loss of oxygen b. Gain of hydrogen or electron.

reduction

Reduction-reverse of oxidation. It is a simultaneous and corresponding reactions to oxidation. It maybe brought by; a. ______ b. Gain of hydrogen or electron.

Loss of oxygen

Reduction-reverse of oxidation. It is a simultaneous and corresponding reactions to oxidation. It maybe brought by; a. Loss of oxygen b. ____________

Gain of hydrogen or electron

this is the union of substance with one or more molecules of water forming an unstable substance water complex which is subsequently fragmented. Through hydrolysis large molecules are broken down in to smaller and simpler form.

hydrolysis

Reactions where simple molecules unite with one another to form a compound. This is the basis of formation of complex substances in the body, such as glycogen, and tissue proteins

condensation

This is the basis of formation of complex substances in the body, such as glycogen, and tissue proteins

condensation

Reactions where simple molecules unite with one another to form a compound.

condensation

Intramolecular rearrangemet of fatoms within a molecule leading to the formation of a new substance, leading to the formation of a new substance having distinctly different from the original one. Ex. Example glucose and galactose, decarboxylation, deamination.

tautomerism

Tautomerism

glucose and galactose , decarboxylation , deamination

Condensation

glycogen , tissue proteins

Basic components of the living mater

carbohydrates , lipids, nucleic acid , protein, water, minerals

Elements comprising living matter

carbon, hydrogen , nitrogen , oxygen, phosphorus , sulfur

the major component of the cell an inert filler, It structure and reactivity is responsible for the behavior of proteins. Other substances dissolved in it are also important for the function of the cell.

water

the major component of the cell an inert filler

water

It structure and reactivity is responsible for the behavior of proteins. Other substances dissolved in it are also important for the function of the cell.

water

Properties of water

It is a universal solvent and as such an Indispensable medium for the transfer of soluble miscible, and emulsifiable substance from one cell to another, It is an ideal medium for the lonization of substances and therefore hasten chemical reactions., It has high specific heat, that is it takes up more heat to raise the temperature through one degree Centigrade, thus allowing the body to store heat effectively without changing the temperature., It has a maximum density at 4°C. At this temperature water expands instead of contracting. This property causes ice to float in liquid water.. This is important in maintaining marine life, It has the capacity to conduct heat readily from the interior to the surface of the body so that the heat produced during metabolic activity is released and not accommodated., It possesses high latent heat of evaporation, Large amount heat is required to evaporate it. Each gram of water evaporated on the surface of the skin. Takes up around 0.38 calories of body heat, Thus it produces marked cooling effect.

Methods of material transfer

diffusion , osmosis , dialysis , passive transport , active transport

The movement of solute particles from region of greater concentration to ne with lower concentration

diffusion

the passage of solvent molecules from a region of lower concentration to one of greater concentration through a semi permeable membrane.

osmosis

The pressure that prevent osmosis is called _______

osmotic pressure

The difference in osmotic pressure

isotonic solution, hypotonic solution, hypertonic solution

same solute concentration than that Inside the cell

isotonic solution

Lower concentration than that Inside the cell cause bursting of the cell.

hypotonic solution

Cause bursting of the cell known as _______

hemolysis

solutions have higher concentration than that Inside the cell Cause shrinking of the cell (crenation)

hypertonic solution

Cause shrinking of the cell

crenation

separation of collolds particle from those of true solution through a semi permeable membrane. Only solution can pass through the membrane. In the body kidney allows the passage of solution but not the collolds

dialysis

Fundamental movement of lons and molecular substance within the cells along the concentration gradient without any external energy.

passive transport

the movement of substance from region of lower concentration tp region of higher concentration by the use of energy

active transport

Purposive communication

Fredelen Sitchon · 100問 · 2年前

Purposive communication