the study of compounds, chemical reactions and molecular interactions, that are Involved in the production, maintenance and reproduction of living organisms.

study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms

The science that deals with the chemistry of living tissues and the substances that takes part in the metabolism.

Knowledge of blochemistry can be utilized to preventive malnutrition

Knowledge of blochemistry is very essential for designing many drugs useful in variety of pathologic conditions

Knowledge of fbiochemistry helps understand the chemical aspects of different biological processes such as digestion respiration, reproduction excretion and behavior of hormones, contraction and relaxation of muscles and many more

It has contributed to our understanding of disease and their treatment

It helps to Investigate the chemical reactions that takes place within plants, animals and microorganisms

It helps to Investigate the chemical interactions that takes part within plants, animals and microorganisms

It has hinder to our understanding of disease and their treatment

Knowledge of biochemistry helps understand the chemical reactions of same biological processes such as digestion respiration, reproduction excretion and behavior of hormones, contraction and relaxation of muscles and many more.

Knowledge of blochemistry is unessential for designing many drugs useful in variety of pathologic conditions

Knowledge of blochemistry can be lead to malnutrition

an area of blochemistry which aims to understand the biological macromolecules, especially in proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA

the study of biological catalyst and enzyme such as certain proteins and certain catalytic RNA and certain coenzymes and cofactor such as metals and vitamins

an area of chemistry that deals with the study of organic compounds (those that contains carbon-carbon and carbon hydrogen covalent bond) those that comes specifically from living organisms

made up of about 70-90% water and 10-30% solids. Of the solids 1% is inorganic and the rests are organic substances

Tissues are made up of about _______;water and 10-30% solids. Of the solids 1% is inorganic and the rests are organic substances

Tissues are made up of about 70-90% water and _____solids. Of the solids 1% is inorganic and the rests are organic substances

Tissues are made up of about 70-90% water and 10-30% solids. Of the solids ____ is inorganic and the rests are organic substances

The water component is found partly in the ______

High water content

low water content

made up of sodlum, potassium, magnesium, calcium and ammonium in the from of chlorides, sulfates phosphates and carbonates etc.

attraction between hydrogen atom and a polar molecuel

Interaction that depends on the attraction of unlike charges

Forces occurs between molecules that are dipole with the partial positive side of one molecule attracting the partial negative of one molecule

attraction between non polar molecules

Non covalent bond

substances that dissoclates into one or more hydrogen lons and one or more anions

Because H+ is a single proton with one positive charge an acid is called a" proton donor"

Because H is a single proton with one positive charge an acid is called a" _____

are substances that dissociates Into one or more hydroxide lons (OH) and one or more cations..

Acid

Bases

Because OH- have strong attraction to protons a base is also known as "proton acceptor."

Because OH have strong attraction to protons a base is also known as "________."

substances that when dissolve in water, dissociates into cations and anions neither of which is H+ or OH-.

They acts as electrolytes that transmit electric current through nerves and tissues.

They provide many chemical elements in intra and extra cellular fluids such as the lymph, blood and interstitial fluids

substances which when dissolve in water dissociates into charged particles called "ions"

Charged particles

Positively charged ions

Negatively charged ions

Function of electrolytes in our body

Important electrolyte in our body

Substances that resist a change in ph

capacity is the measure of the amount of acid or base that can be absorbed by a given buffer solution

Chemical reactions occuring in the living matter

most of the energy liberated by living matter is derived from the oxidation of organic substances such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

Two type of oxidation

Oxidation takes place in the presence of free oxygen

occurs in the absence of free oxygen either by loss of H or loss of electrons (gain in valence)

reverse of oxidation. It is a simultaneous and corresponding reactions to oxidation. It maybe brought by; a. Loss of oxygen b. Gain of hydrogen or electron.

Reduction-reverse of oxidation. It is a simultaneous and corresponding reactions to oxidation. It maybe brought by; a. ______ b. Gain of hydrogen or electron.

Reduction-reverse of oxidation. It is a simultaneous and corresponding reactions to oxidation. It maybe brought by; a. Loss of oxygen b. ____________

this is the union of substance with one or more molecules of water forming an unstable substance water complex which is subsequently fragmented. Through hydrolysis large molecules are broken down in to smaller and simpler form.

Reactions where simple molecules unite with one another to form a compound. This is the basis of formation of complex substances in the body, such as glycogen, and tissue proteins

This is the basis of formation of complex substances in the body, such as glycogen, and tissue proteins

Reactions where simple molecules unite with one another to form a compound.

Intramolecular rearrangemet of fatoms within a molecule leading to the formation of a new substance, leading to the formation of a new substance having distinctly different from the original one. Ex. Example glucose and galactose, decarboxylation, deamination.

Tautomerism

Condensation

Basic components of the living mater

Elements comprising living matter

the major component of the cell an inert filler, It structure and reactivity is responsible for the behavior of proteins. Other substances dissolved in it are also important for the function of the cell.

the major component of the cell an inert filler

It structure and reactivity is responsible for the behavior of proteins. Other substances dissolved in it are also important for the function of the cell.

Properties of water

Methods of material transfer

The movement of solute particles from region of greater concentration to ne with lower concentration

the passage of solvent molecules from a region of lower concentration to one of greater concentration through a semi permeable membrane.

The pressure that prevent osmosis is called _______

The difference in osmotic pressure

same solute concentration than that Inside the cell

Lower concentration than that Inside the cell cause bursting of the cell.

Cause bursting of the cell known as _______

solutions have higher concentration than that Inside the cell Cause shrinking of the cell (crenation)

Cause shrinking of the cell

separation of collolds particle from those of true solution through a semi permeable membrane. Only solution can pass through the membrane. In the body kidney allows the passage of solution but not the collolds

Fundamental movement of lons and molecular substance within the cells along the concentration gradient without any external energy.

the movement of substance from region of lower concentration tp region of higher concentration by the use of energy