in the 1950s that MODERN _ was first seen as an individual subject within the area of economic sciences

today's _ allow project managers to practice and work with their teams in a real-time environment

according to JOHANSSON, a _ can be defined as CONSTITUTION OF LINKS between activities and transformation that takes place within the process

must have clearly DEFINED boundaries, input and output

must consist of ACTIVITIES

there must be a RECIPIENT of the process outcome

transformation taking place within the process must ADD VALUE to the recipient

process can not exist in and of itself, must be EMBEDDED in an organizational structure

process regularly can, but not necessarily must span SEVERAL FUNCTIONS

a _ PERSON RESPONSIBLE for the PERFORMANCE and CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT of the process, also considered as prerequisite.

a _ will DELIVER business/technical OBJECTIVES, is made up of defined processes and tasks, run for a period of time has budget and resources

company authorising

publisher authorising

amusement park authorising

electronics firm authorising

u.s federal government authorises

non-governmental organization authorising

the _ is a STATIC FRAMEWORK of an organisation

the _ is the MANAGER or EXECUTIVE within organization, NOT directly INVOLVED in the operational work

group of SENIOR MANAGERS responsible for BUSINESS ISSUES affecting the project

both the sponsor and steering committee also have to carry out the _ of project is carried out by regular review of project documents

group of people REPRESENTS key PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS and provides ADVICE to the project

NATURALLY the KEY PERSON within the project organization, has OVERALL RESPONSIBILITY for meeting project requirements

person responsible for MANAGING ONE PART of project or subproject

person ASSIGNED to a team

does not have SPECIFIC POSITION for project managers

(TASK-FORCE) the project manager is fully responsible for a group of specialist