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問題一覧
1
what reproductive and structural adaptations allowed plants to flourish on land? Name them all
offspring dispersement, protection of reproductive areas, waxy cuticles.
2
Plants are multicellar photosynthetic eukaryotes; their evolution is marked by
adaptations to a land existence
3
Among aquatic green algae; the ___________ are the most closely related to the explants that now live on land.
charophytes
4
Charophytes have several features that would have promoted the evolution of land plants, including:
retention and care of the zygote
5
The most successful land plants are those that
protect all phases of reproduction (sperm, egg, zygote, and embryo) drom drying out and have a way to disperse offspring on land.
6
Most land plants have bodies covered in __________ that prevents water loss.
waxy cuticle
7
Land plants require structural support to oppose the force of gravity and to lift their leaves towards the sun. ______________ offer this support and transports water to, and nutrients from the leaves.
vascular tissue
8
how did Chara become the first land plants?
it was a plant that could live in shallow ponds that occasionally dry up. They adapted to the periodic drying and they adapted to invade the land. Making them eventually become the first land plants.
9
How does a Chara superficially resemble a land plant?
It has branch like structures, and stem and leaf like appendages.
10
What plant is this?
a chara
11
land plants have a two generation life cycle called
alternation of generations
12
In nonvascular plants- The ____________ (diploid) PRODUces haploid spores bt meiosis, Spores develop into a haploid generation by mitosis.
sporophyte generation
13
In nonvascular plants the _________________ (haploid) produces gametes (egg and sperm) by mitosis. The gametes then unite to form a diploid zygote. The zygote becomes the sporophyte by mitosis.
gametophyte generation
14
what happens in the gametophyte generation in nonvascular plants?
gametes are produced by mitosis. The gametes then unite to form a dipoolid generation that becomes the sporophyte by mitosis.
15
what happens in the sporophyte generation in nonvascular plants?
haploid spores are produced by meiosis. the spores develop into a haploid generation by mitosis.
16
In the plant life cycle one of the two generations always dominates the other. This means that-
The dominant generation is larger and exists for a longer period.
17
In the nonvascular plant life cycle, meiosis occurs during the production of
haploid spores
18
In the human life cycle, meiosis occurs during the production of
gametes
19
in the nonvascular plant life cycle, the generation that produces gametes is:
n
20
In the human life cycle, the individual that produces gametes is
2n
21
Label the box in red
sporophyte 2n
22
what are some examples of nonvascular plants?
moss, liverwort
23
Label the box in red
meiosis
24
The gametophyte is ________ in all nonvascular plants.
dominant
25
in non vascular plants the gametophyte produce eggs within the __________.
archegonia
26
Label the box in red
gametophyte n
27
in nonvascular plants flagellated sperm are in the _______________.
anteridia
28
Label the box in red
fertilization
29
In nonvascular plants the sperm swim to the egg, and the embryo develops within the _________.
archegonia
30
in nonvascular plants the sporophyte grows out of the
archegonium
31
in nonvascular plants the sporophyte is dependent on the __________________ for nourishment,
female gametophyte
32
Step 1 of nonvascular moss lifecycle
a mature nonvascular moss gametophyte (haploid) has leafy shoots with either archegonia or antheridia, where gametes are produced by mitosis
33
Step 2 of Nonvascular moss lifecycle
fertilization. flagellated haploid sperm produced in the antheridia swim to external water to the archegonia.
34
Step 3 of nonvascular moss lifecycle
the zygote is formed causing the generation to go from haploid to diploid. it develops into the sporophyte generation in the archegonium. (mitosis turns the zygote into a sporophyte)
35
Step 4 of nonvascular moss lifecycle
the sporophyte is now mature. where meiosis will produce spores
36
Step 5 of the lifecycle of nonvascular moss
when the lid of the capsule falls off the spores are mature
37
Step 5 of nonvascular moss life cycle
meiosis makes haploid spores that are dispersed by air currents.
38
Step 7 of the nonvascular moss life cycle
a haploid immature gametophyte is made via mitosis. the spores germinated into a male and female protonrma, the first states of the male and female gametophytes.
39
Does this describe vascular or non vascular? -no vascular tissue -flagellated sperm that swims to egg -dominant gametophyte
nonvascular
40
does this describe vascular or non vascular? -vascular tissue to transport water -sperm protected from drying out -dominant sporophyte
vascular
41
What features would you expect to find in a plant fully adapted to life on land?
vascular tissue, waxy cuticle, reproduction protected from drying out
42
How are windblown spores an adaptation to reproduction on land?
no worry about drying out and don't need water to get to transport. disperse
43
What is this slide showing?
moss antheridia
44
What is this pointing to in this moss antheridia?
sperm
45
What is in this slide?
moss archegonia
46
What is the line pointing to in this moss archegonia?
egg
47
The top of the male moss shoot contains the antheridia, the reproductive structures where sperm are produced. What is the chromosome number of the sperm? (2n or n) are the surrounding cells haploid or diploid?
n, haploid
48
The top of a female moss shoot contains archegonia, the reproductive structures where eggs are produced. What is the chromosome number of the egg? Are the surrounding cells haploid or diploid?
n, haploid
49
In moss plants when sperm swim from the antheridia to the archegonia a zygote results. The zygote develops into the sporophyte. Is the sporophyte diploid or haploid?
diploid
50
What is this structure
a mature sporophyte attached to a female gametophyte
51
What is this figure and what is the arrow pointing to?
a moss capsule and spores
52
Is moss plants what process produces spores?
meiosis
53
When moss spores germinate what generation begins to develop?
gametophyte
54
What is the area in red called?
sporangium
55
What is the area labled in red called?
capsule
56
What is the are in red called?
stalk
57
What is the area in red called?
sporophyte
58
What is the area in red called?
teeth
59
What is the area in red called?
operculum
60
Examine this liver wart marchantia thallus, what generation is this sample?
haploid gametophyte
61
In liverworts are ________ on the upper surface of the thallus. These contain groups of cells called _____ that can asexually start new plants.
Gemma cups, gemmae
62
Label this liverworts part in red
gemma
63
Label this liverwart part in red
rhizoids
64
Label this liverwart part in red
thallus
65
Label this liverwart part in red
Gemma cup
66
The gametophyte of liverwarts consists of lobes. Each lobe is about at cm or so in length; the upper surface is smooth, and the lower surface bears numerous _______. Root like hairs
rhizoids
67
What is this?
liverwort thallus with Gemma cups
68
What is this?
male liverwort gametophyte bearing antheridia
69
What is this?
female liverwort gametophyte with archegonia
70
What is the function of vascular tissue in plants?
transportation of nutrients
71
List some seedless vascular plants
ferns and club mosses
72
These plants were prevalent and quite large, forming the forests of the Carboniferous period.
lycophytes (club mosses) and pteridophytes (ferns and horsetails)
73
During this time period plant began forming the coal deposits we have today?
carboniferous
74
The ____\\ is dominant in the seedles vascular plants
sporophyte
75
In seedless vascular plants the dominant sporophytes adaptations for living on land
it has vascular tissue and produces windblown spores
76
In seedless vascular plants the spores develop into a separate gametophyte generation that is very small. The gametophyte lacks
vascular tissue and produces flagellated sperm
77
This describes what? -flagellated sperm -gametophyte dependent on sporophyte, which has vascular tissue
seedless vascular plants
78
Are seedless vascular plants fully adapted to living on land?
no they still depend on water for reproduction
79
Lucophytes are commonly called
club mosses
80
Lycophytes are representative of the first
vascular plants
81
Lycophytes have leaves called______ becuase they only have one strand of vascular tissue
microphylls
82
What plant is this?
lycophyte (club moss)
83
Label the area underlined in red of this club moss.
strobili
84
Label the area underlined in red of this club moss.
leaves
85
Label the area underlined in red of this club moss.
stem
86
Label the area underlined in red of this club moss.
rhizoids
87
Molecular DNA studies, tell us that whiskferns, horsetails, and ferns are
closely related
88
Psilotum is Representative of _________ Named for the resemblance to whisk brooms.
whisk ferns
89
examine a preserved specimen of psilotum and note that it has no leaves. the underground stem, called a rhizome gives off upright, aerial stems with a dichotomous branching pattern, where bulbous sporangia are located. What generation are you examining?
diploid
90
Where are sporangia in horsetails?
strobili
91
What plant is this?
horsetail
92
Label the red parts underlined in this horsetail plant.
strobili
93
Label the red parts underlined in this horsetail plant.
leaves w/ branch
94
Label the red parts underlined in this horsetail plant.
stem
95
Label the red parts underlined in this horsetail plant.
rhizoid
96
A fern Gamrophyte is called a ______ which is small and usually heart shaped
prothallus
97
A fern prothallus contains
both archegonia and antheridia
98
The fern sporophyte is called the
frond
99
What is this?
sori
100
Step 1 of fern lifecycle. What is this?
sporophyte