the study of morality, or the principles that govern human behavior. It is concerned with questions of right and wrong, good and evil, and justice.

the theory that there is no universal moral norm of right and wrong.

holds that each person decides right and wrong for himself/herself.

the ethical theory that the meaning of “right” and “wrong” rests with a society’s actual moral guidelines.

is based on the idea that good actions are those aligned with the will of God and bad actions are those contrary to the will of God.

the philosophy that each person should focus exclusively on his or her self-interest.

The end will justify the means.” the consequence of an action justifies the moral acceptability of the means taken to reach that end.

the philosophy that the right action is the one that produces the most intrinsic good for everyone affected.

an obligation-based theory whose chief author was Immanuel Kant, who lived in the 18th century.

an ethical theory that emphasizes duty and obligation. It holds that certain actions are inherently right or wrong, regardless of their consequences.

personal beliefs or standards of conduct that guide individual behavior. They are often based on cultural, religious, or personal values.

a set of principles or rules that guide individual behavior and societal interactions

These are deeply held beliefs about what is important and desirable. It can be intrinsic (e.g., honesty, kindness) or instrumental (e.g., wealth, power).

These are positive character traits that are considered morally desirable, such as courage, wisdom, compassion, and justice.

These are moral obligations or responsibilities that individuals are expected to fulfill. It can be to oneself, to others, or to society as a whole.

This is an inner sense of right and wrong that guides individual behavior. It can be influenced by personal beliefs, cultural values, and religious teachings.

a system of rules and regulations that govern behavior within a society.

This refers to laws enacted by a legislative body, such as a parliament or congress.

These are rules and guidelines issued by administrative agencies to implement and enforce laws.

This refers to legal decisions made by courts that interpret and apply laws to specific cases.

These are fundamental documents that outline the basic structure and principles of a government.

as a decision model. The critical element in morality is the need to make decisions regarding fairly difficult issues.