Text is a connected ______

Discourse comes from the word ________

Discursus means __________ in medieval latin and __________ in late latin

Formal and often lengthy discussion of a topic, where concepts and insights are arranged in an organized and logical manner

It is often associated with speech but may also be a written text

Purposes of discourse

Purpose of discourse where it provides a descriptive and comprehensive discussion on the topic

Purpose of discourse to convince the readers to believe in or do something

Purpose of discourse where it aims to amuse its readers

3 factors in analyzing discourse

The beliefs, customs, attitudes, language may influence the author's perspective on several issues

The author's physical surroundings and social relationships may have influenced his or her writing

Firsthand experience establish credibility and reliability of information presented

Types of discourse

The act or process of making and presenting arguments

This discourse aims to persuade the audience or readers

This discourse should appeal to logic or reason instead of emotion

_____ are a series of statements for or against an idea

Argument comes from the _____ word _______

________ means evidence, ground, support, or a logical argument

This discourse is based on the main impression of the author about the topic or subject

Its purpose is to transmit that impressuon through concrete, colorful, and vivid language so that readers can fully imagine the topic or subject

This discourse aims to inform about, clarify, and explain a phenomenon

It defined what something is and provides and in-depth discussion about topics that are usually less explored

It is a discourse that recalls events chronologically

The general purpose of this discourse is to relate a series of events

A narrative discourse may have a _____ or _________ structure

It is a straight to the point or direct narration

This narration may have elements such as foreshadowing or flashback

2 discourse

Discourse that is expository or argumentative in nature

It sometimes presents an individual's insights regarding a concept or method in a scholarly way

Some examples of academic discourse are

General format of academic discourse

This part states the significance of the topic and the issues that need to be addressed; mentions the objectives of the discourse

This part discusses the methods of gathering information; presents the findings and interpretation; contains arguments and supports them with evidence

This part reiterates the writer's claims and asserts his or her stand; may include insights and recommendations for further studies

Formal and scholarly use of language; does not use figures of speech and idioms

It maintains an objective tone using the third-person point of view

It is poetic and creative in its use of language

This features more than one point of view

This aims to engage and entertain people, and to provoke thoughts

Different types of literary discourse

It is commonly found in creative works like poems, novels, short stories, and plays

It focuses on how language is used to form themes and convey ideologies

The meanings conveyed are implied and not explicit as it uses imaginative language and poetic elements such as figurative speech and meter

It is commonly found in journals, letters, diaries, and blogs

A personal narrative and is typically written in the first-person point of view

Expressive discourse is also sometimes referred to as ________

It is commonly found in instructional materials, advertisements, and editorials

It is directive in nature as it provides detailed information on how something is done or achieved

It encourages the reader to do somethung or to take action

It does not often use literary devices since it is not necessary

8 patterns of text development

The focus of this pattern is basically to narrate or tell a story

Its purpose comes along with effective sequencing order of events in a chronological order

Moreover, _______ and ________ characterized a narrative paragraph

_______ show the change of actions of the character(s) and connect events in the story

This pattern of development gives characteristics or details on what an object, a person, or a place looks like

When using this pattern, use powerful and appropriate adjectives and use effectively the five senses to create a clear image on a reader's mind

2 types of description paragraph

Description used in scientific writing to describe factual and scientific characteristics

Description used in fiction wherein a writer uses his own perspective to describe a person, an event or a thing

The focus of this pattern is to explain or give a comprehensive understanding of a concept, a term or an idea

You may define a term or a concept by its:

2 types of definition

_______ defines concepts in the most factual way

_______ defines complex terms in a personal way

_______ is a pattern of development wherein a writer uses examples to illustrate further and explain an idea

In this pattern, examples used clarify more the general idea in the paragraph

________ divides and organizes ideas or concepts in classes, groups, or categories based on criteria and relationships between the items

This pattern helps the reader understand even the complex and vast idea as it will be classified

This pattern of development discusses why something happens and what results a particular occurence or event

A paragraph that emphasizes the causes begins with an ____, while in a paragraph that emphasizes the effects begins with a particular ____

______ means looking on the similarities

_______ Means looking on the differences

As a pattern, it discusses and organizes ideas based on how people, events, places, and things are similar or different to one another

2 approaches a writer can do to discuss the similarities and difference in comparison and contrast pattern

The writer describes the first element then followed by the second element

The writer discusses both items based on each point if comparison and contrast

The writer describes an issue and states his position in the issue

The writer's primary goal is to convince the readers to agree with the argument or claim being raised, based from a particular topic

3 parts of persuasive paragraph

This part states position or stand about something

This part explain the readins supporting the position or stand

This part reiterates or intensifies the thesis statement

The writer ptesents a problem that needs to be resolved

The paragraph states a concerning issue then next is what should be done to solve the issue

3 main parts of problem-solution