問題一覧
1
According to the Civil Contingencies Act 2004, an emergency is defined as:
An event or situation which threatens serious damage to human welfare, damage to the environment or war/terrorism in the UK
2
JESIP define a major incident as:
A situation with a range of serious consequences which requires special arrangements to be implemented
3
According to the NHS, a Major Incident is defined as:
Any occurrence that presents a serious threat to the health of the community, disruption to services or causes, or is likely to cause such numbers or types of casualties which will require special arrangement to be implemented
4
When classifying incidents, a major incident involves how many patients?
Tens
5
When classifying incidents, a mass casualty incident involves how many patients?
Hundreds
6
When classifying incidents, a catastrophic incident involves how many patients?
Thousands
7
Potential causes of major incidents would NOT include:
Cloud on the mountain
8
Potential causes of major incidents can be:
Big bang, Rising tide, Headline news, Cloud on the horizon
9
Potential injuries caused by major incidents can include:
Crush, Blast, Spinal, Pelvic, Chest, Lacerations, Contusions, Maxillofacial
10
The key features of emergency preparedness, resilience and response (EPRR) include:
Category 1 responders who plan to prevent, reduce, control and mitigate emergencies or other disruptions that occur
11
EPRR:
May include plans to prevent, reduce, control and mitigate emergencies, as well as business continuity arrangements and the use of threat levels.
12
The NHS needs to plan for, and respond to, a wide range of incidents and emergencies that could affect health or patient care. This is known as:
Emergency preparedness, resilience and response (EPRR)
13
Why is EPRR important in our own organisation?
Ensures NWAS are capable of effectively responding to major, critical and business continuity incidents whilst maintaining services to patients
14
EPRR is important in NWAS as:
It is a requirement of the Civil Contingencies Act (2004)
15
Interoperability means:
Services working together effectively to achieve a joint aim
16
Organisations working together effectively to achieve a joint aim is also known as:
Interoperability
17
Interoperability is important when dealing with a Major Incident because:
It ensures that emergency service personnel work effectively with their colleagues and other services
18
Interoperability is important so that:
Emergency service personnel work effectively within their own service and other services
19
Interoperability is important when dealing with a Major Incident because:
It ensures that emergency service personnel work effectively with their colleagues and other services
20
The main JESIP principles include:
Co-locate
21
The 5 main JESIP principles are:
Co-locate, Communicate, Co-ordinate, jointly understand risk, Shared situational awareness
22
The main JESIP principles do NOT include:
Joint assessment of risk
23
During an emergency or a Major Incident, the Joint Decision Model is:
Used to support the decision making of the commanders and throughout the chain of command
24
The Dynamic Decision-Making Cycle includes:
Risk assessments
25
The JESIP Joint Decision Model does not include:
Request further resources
26
Specific communication tools relating to the management of a Major Incident include:
designated Airwaves talk group, the phonetic alphabet, JESIP principles, a joint decision-making tool
27
The T in the METHANE communication model relates to:
The Type of incident , e.g. rail, chemical
28
Why is the NATO Phonetic Alphabet important when communicating information?
Reduces the likelihood of miscommunication issues
29
During a Major Incident, the ambulance service is responsible for:
Command and control, coordinating with the further NHS, Triage, Treatment, Transport, Specialist incident response
30
During a Major Incident, the ambulance service is responsible for:
Command and contro
31
During a Major Incident, the ambulance service is NOT responsible for:
Demand, Triage, Treatment, Transport, Specialist incident response
32
The incident Command and Control system is:
A three tier hierarchical system with empowered roles, which provides specific authority over others for an event
33
The incident Command and Control system has:
Operational, Tactical and Strategic Commanders ranks, with empowered role which provides specific authority over others for an event
34
The incident Command and Control system is:
A hierarchical system in which individuals are empowered within their assigned role to provide authority over others for the duration of an event
35
During a Major Incident the Strategic Commander:
Takes overall charge of their respective service, is responsible for formulating strategy and controlling resources, delegates tactical decisions to their respective tactical commanders
36
During a Major Incident the Tactical Commander:
Implements the JESIP principles with other respective service Tactical commanders, ensures safety, formulates timely planning, allocates resources
37
During a Major Incident the Operational Commander:
Is responsible for the activities undertaken at scene, works closely with the Operational commanders from other services at the forward command post
38
Support roles during a Major Incident are also known as:
Functional roles
39
Support roles during a Major Incident include:
Safety, Parking, Equipment and Loading officers
40
Support roles during a Major Incident include:
Primary and Secondary Triage and Casualty Clearing officers
41
The driver who is first on scene at a Major Incident must:
Secure and stay with vehicle, leave beacons on, not attempt casualty interventions, relay METHANE report and maintain contact with EOC
42
During a Major Incident the attendant who is first on scene must:
Undertake scene reconnaissance and collate evidence for a METHANE report
43
During a Major Incident which of these is the NOT the responsibility of the attendant who is first on scene:
Relay METHANE report and maintain contact with EOC
44
During a Major Incident, actions of subsequent crews on scene should include:
Turning off vehicle beacons, donning of appropriate PPE, the driver staying with the vehicle
45
During a Major Incident, actions of subsequent crews on scene should include:
Keeping radio traffic to a minimum, use of a designated Talk Group, using the appropriate equipment to move patients
46
During a Major Incident, actions of subsequent crews on scene should include:
Transport of the patient to a destination assigned by the Loading Point officer
47
Incident briefings are important because:
Briefings ensure that all staff attending an incident are fully informed of the developing situation and able to anticipate the relevant resources required
48
Incident debriefings are important because:
Discussing traumatic incidents has been proven to have a positive effect on the attending clinician’s mental health
49
ATMIST stands for:
Age, Time, Mechanism, Injuries, Signs and symptoms, Treatment
50
The aim of triage is to:
Ensure the best for everyone is achieved until such time that resources are sufficient to provide further care
51
The aim of triage is:
To do the most for the most casualties by sorting them into an order of treatment by prioritising clinical need
52
Triage should be used when:
You attend an incident when the number of casualties exceeds the number of skilled rescuers
53
Triage sieve involves:
Using the NASMeD Triage card to complete a rapid physiological assessment
54
Triage sieve is:
A fast, physiological assessment of the casualty, where they are found
55
Triage Sort is:
A dynamic process that must be frequently repeated
56
Triage Sort usually adopts the Triage Revised Trauma System. This categorises patients using:
RR 0-4; BP 0-4; GCS 0-4
57
Patient categories identified in the triage sort assessment are:
T0 (no signs of life) to T12 (normal vital signs)
58
Triage sort involves:
Assessment at the Casualty Clearing Station including blood pressure, respiration rate and GCS which numerates the patient’s category as T0-T12
59
The causes and risks of under-triaging include:
Inaccurate assessment resulting in treatment being withheld due to incorrect category assignment
60
Which is NOT an example of over triage:
An unconscious patient with normal respiration and heart rates being categorised as P1
61
Why is over triage dangerous:
It puts pressure on scarce resources
62
Which is NOT an important reason for recording triage findings?
So they can be imparted to the media to show what the service has provided
63
It important to account for vulnerable populations because:
The Civil Contingencies Act (2004) identifies vulnerable people as a priority in an emergency
64
Vulnerable populations that need to be accounted for, in regard to Major Incidents include:
Children, non-English speakers, people with learning difficulties and/or mental illness
65
Treatments used in triage sieve include:
Control catastrophic haemorrhage, open airway, recovery position
66
Treatments used in triage sort include:
Airway management, respiratory and circulatory assessment, cannulation, fluid therapy, pain relief, application of HOTT principles, GCS
67
Observations taken in triage sieve include:
Recognise catastrophic haemorrhage, AVPU, Airway patency, Respiratory rate, Pulse rate, Capillary refill
68
CBRN(e) stands for:
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive
69
A hazardous substance incident can also be known by the acronym:
CBRN(e)
70
CBRN(e) stands for:
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive
71
Potential signs of a CBRN(e) release include:
Withered or dead plant life and vegetation
72
Potential signs of a CBRN(e) release include:
Unexplained vapour, mist clouds, oily droplets or film on water
73
Potential signs of a CBRN(e) release include:
Dead or distressed people, birds and animals
74
How would your report a potential hazardous substance incident?
Contact EOC stating ‘potential HazMat or CBRN(e) incident’ and pass a METHANE report
75
When reporting a potential hazardous substance incident, METHANE stands for:
Major Incident (standby/declared), Exact location, Type, Hazards, Access/egress, Number of casualties, Emergency services (required/on scene)
76
When your report a major incident with a potential hazardous substance via EOC, you would use a communication module known by the acronym:
METHANE
77
A hazard assessment should be conducted when:
There are three or more patients in close proximity, who have the same/similar symptoms with no obvious cause
78
Signs of a CBRN(e) prompting a hazard assessment do NOT include:
One or two individuals showing pin-point pupils
79
Multiple individuals showing unexplained signs of which of these would prompt a hazard assessment for a CBRN(e):
Disorientation and sweating
80
The components of a hazard assessment include:
Release indicators, Number of patients, Signs and symptoms, Weather conditions, Hazards, Location, Built environment, Presence of perpetrators
81
The components of a hazard assessment do NOT include:
Presence of Specialist Response
82
The components of a hazard assessment include:
Number of patients
83
During a CBRN(e) incident, when moving patients to a safe area we should:
Keep casualties within the inner cordon but away from the contaminant, move upwind and uphill from the incident if possible, reassure the patients, encourage the removal of contaminated clothing
84
During a CBRN(e) incident, when requiring a patient to a remove their clothes, the guidance we follow is:
Remove, Remove, Remove
85
During a CBRN(e) incident, once contaminated clothing has been removed, remaining contaminant can be removed by:
Dry decontamination with paper towels, improvised wet decontamination, SORT decontamination
86
It is important to communicate clearly when managing a CBRN(e) incident because:
The process of asking someone to disrobe requires trust and we may need them to help others
87
Which of these is NOT an important aspect to consider and communicate during a CBRN(e) incident:
Encouraging patients to drink plenty of fluid
88
It is important to communicate clearly when managing a CBRN(e) incident because:
Patients will have to disrobe in front of others so need to know why and how they need to undress
89
Nerve agent antidotes should be used:
When there is a clinical diagnosis of nerve agent or organophosphate poisoning
90
Nerve agent antidotes for severe symptoms should be administered:
Three doses immediately into different large muscle groups
91
The correct way to administer nerve agent antidote is:
Intramuscular injection into mid-lateral thigh, hold in tissue for 10 seconds, seek senior clinical advice, evacuate to hospital
92
Addition support available for HazMat and CBRN(e) incidents does NOT include:
BASICS
93
Addition support available for HazMat and CBRN(e) incidents include:
Fire and Rescue Service, Police
94
Addition support available for HazMat and CBRN(e) incidents include:
HART, SORT, HeliMed, MERIT, Fire and Rescue Service, Police
95
EPPR is utilised in NWAS because:
It identifies specific responsibilities in terms of alerting NHS funded organisations in the event of significant incidents or emergencies