An ultrasonic instrument has been calibrated to obtain a 51mm (2in) indication from a 2mm (0.08in) diameter flat bottom hole located 76mm (3in) from the front surface of an aluminum reference block. When testing an aluminum forging, a 51mm (2in) indication is obtained from a discontinuity located at 76mm (3in) from the entry surface. The cross sectional area of this discontinuity is probably:

Reducing the extent of the dead zone of a transducer by using delay tip results in:

Acoustic lens elements with which of the following permit focusing the sound energy to enter cylindrical surfaces normally or along a line focus?

Properties of shear or transverse waves used for ultrasonic testing include:

In a basic pulse echo ultrasonic instrument, the number of pulses produces by an instrument in a given period of time known as the:

A point, line, or surface of a vibrating body marked by absolute or relative freedom from vibratory motion is referred to as:

The greatest amount of attenuation losses take place at:

A hole produced during the solidification of metal due to escaping gases is called:

When inspecting aluminum by the immersion method using water for a couplant, the following information is known: Velocity of sound in water = 1.49×10^5cm/s Velocity of longitudinal waves in aluminum = 6.32×10^5cm/s And angle of incidence = 5° The angle of refraction for longitudinal wave is approximately:

Inspection of castings is often impractical because of:

The technique of examining an ultrasonic reflector from different directions might be used to enable the technician to:

When using tow separate transducers (one a transmitter, the other receiver), the most efficient combination would be a:

Which of the following is not an advantage of contact ultrasonic transducers (probes) adapted with Lucite shoes?

The amount of energy reflected from a discontinuity is dependent on:

The property of certain materials to transform electrical energy to mechanical energy and vise versa is called:

Beam divergence is a function of the dimensions of the crystal and the wavelength of the beam transmitted through a medium, and it:

Surface waves are reduced to an energy level of approximately 1/25 of the original power at a depth of:

Acoustic velocities of materials are primarily due to the material's:

The lack of parallelism between the entry surface and the back surface:

The angle of reflection of an ultrasonic beam at an aluminum-water interface is:

to prevent the appearance of the second front surface indication before the first back reflection when inspecting aluminum by the immersion method (water is used as a couplant), it is necessary to have a minimum of at least 25mm (1in) of water for every:

In cases where the diameter of tubing being inspected is smaller than the diameter of the transducer, what can be used to confine the sound beam to the proper range of angles?

The resolving power of a transducer is directly proportional to its:

Generally, the best ultrasonic testing method for detecting discontinuation oriented along the fusion zone in a welded plate is:

The formula is referred to as:

One of the most common applications of ultrasonic tests employing shear waves is for the:

when setting up an ultrasonic inspection, the repetition frequency of the ultrasonic instrument should be set:

The instrument displays a plan view of the part outline and defects when using:

In a liquid medium, the only mode is vibration that can exist is:

In general, discontinuities in wrought products tend to be oriented:

The most commonly used method of producing shear waves in a test part when inspecting by the immersion method is:

In contact testing, shear waves can induced in the test material by:

In a basic pulse echo ultrasonic instrument, the component that produces the voltage that activates the transducer is called:

In immersion testing, the accessory equipment to which the search cable and the transducer are attached is called a:

The ratio of stress to a strain in a material with the elastic limit is called:

Heat conduction, viscous friction, elastic hysteresis, and scattering are for different mechanisms which lead to:

The ratio between the wave speed in one material and the wave speed in a second material is called:

In an ultrasonic instrument, the number of pulses produced by an immersing in a given period of time is known as the:

Most basic pulse echo ultrasonic instruments use:

As frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, the angle of beam divergence of a given diameter crystal:

Which ultrasonic test frequency would probably provide the best penetration in a 30cm (12in) thick specimen of coarse-grain steel?

If an ultrasonic wave is transmitted through an interface of two materials in which the first material has a higher acoustic impedance value but the same velocity value as the second material, the angle of refraction will be:

The velocity of longitudinal waves is highest in:

A longitudinal ultrasonic wave is transmitted from water into steel at an angle of 5° from the normal. In such a case, the refracted angle of the transverse wave is:

The refraction angle of longitudinal ultrasonic waves passing from water into a metallic material at angles other than normal to the interface is primarily a function of:

The mode of vibration that is quickly damped out when testing by the immersion method is:

The primary requirement of a paintbrush transducer is that:

A discontinuity with a concave surface will:

An ultrasonic testing instrument that displays pulses representing the magnitude of reflected ultrasound as a function of time or depth of metal is said to contain:

The formula is used to determine:

Angle beam testing of plate will often miss:

Which if the following frequencies would probably result in the greatest ultrasonic attenuation losses?

In the basic pulse echo instrument, the synchronizer, click, or timer circuit determines the:

When inspecting a rolled or forged surface with a thin scale that is generally tightly adhering to the part, before testing the part:

As impedance ratio of two dissimilar materials increases, the percentage of sounds coupled through an interface of such materials:

The amplifier range over which the unsaturated signal response increases in amplitude in proportion to the discontinuity surface area is the:

The product of the sound velocity and the density of a material is known as the:

When an ultrasonic beam reaches the interface of two dissimilar materials it is:

In immersion testing, irrelevant or false indications caused by contoured surfaces are likely to result in a:

A quartz crystal cut so that it's majorfaces are parallel to X and Y axes and perpendicular to the X axis is called:

In a basic pulse echo ultrasonic instrument, the component that produces visible signals on the CRT which are usedto measure distance is called a:

The wavelength of an ultrasonic wave is:

A diagram in which the entire circuit stage or sections are shown by geometric figures and the path of the signal or energy by lines and/or arrows is called a:

The motion of particles in a shear wave is:

Because the velocity of sound in aluminum is approximately 245,000in/s for sound to travel through 25mm (1in) of aluminum, it takes:

The factor that determines the amount of reflection at the interface of two dissimilar materials is:

The velocity of sound is the lowest in:

To evaluate and accurately locate discontinuities after scanning a part with a paintbrush transducer, it is generally necessary to use a:

The equation describing wavelength in terms of velocity and frequency is:

Lamb waves may be used to inspect:

In contact testing, defects near the entry surface cannot always be detected because of:

A discontinuity that occurs during the casting of molten metal which may be caused by the splashing, surging, interrupted pouring, or the meeting of two streams of metal coming from the different directions is called:

An ultrasonic longitudinal wave travels in aluminum with a velocity of 635,000cm/s and had a frequency of 1Mhz. The wavelength of this ultrasonic wave is:

During a test using A-scan equipment, strong indications that move at varying rates across the screen in the horizontal direction appear. It is impossible to repeat a particular screen pattern by scanning the same area. A possible cause of these indications is:

The expansion and contraction of a magnetic material under the influence of a changing magnetic field is referred to as:

What kind of waves travel at a velocity slightly less than shear waves and their mode of propagation is both longitudinal and transverse with respect to the surface?

The maximum scanning speed possible is possibly determined by:

In plate, skip distance can be calculated from which of the following formulas where (t = plate thickness, 0 = angle of sound beam refraction, and V = sound velocity)

Compression waves whose particle displacement is parallel to the direction of propagation are called:

In steel, the velocity of sound is greatest in:

Waves that travel around gradual curves with little or no reflection from the curve are called

The formula used to determine the angle of beam divergence of a quartz crystal is:

The incident angles at which 90° refraction of longitudinal and shear waves occurs are called:

Increasing the length of the pulse and used to activate the transducer will:

The fundamental frequency of a piezoelectric crystal is primarily a function of:

In basic pulse echo ultrasonic instrument, the component the produces the time base line is called a:

Reflection indications from a weld area being inspected by the angle beam technique may represent:

Rayleigh waves:

Thin sheet may be inspected with the ultrasonic wave directed normal to the surface by observing:

During immersion testing of an ASTM Ultrasonic Standard Reference Block, a B-scan presentation system will show a:

Of the piezoelectric materials listed below, the most efficient sound transmitter is:

At water-steel interface the angle of incidence is in water is 7°. The principal mode of vibration that exists in the steel is:

When testing a part with a rough surface, it is generally advisable to use:

The acoustic impedance is:

Low frequency sound waves are not generally used to test thin materials because of:

Attenuation is the loss of the ultrasonic wave energy during the propagation in the material:

In an A-scan presentation, the horizontal line formed by the uniform and repeated movement of an electron beam across the fluorescent screen of a cathode ray tube is called:

The principle application of ultrasonic techniques consists of:

Significant errors in ultrasonic thickness measurement can occur if: