Edraw

87問 • 2年前

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The lettering used in mechanical drawing is a __ called __.

Single Stroke, Freehand Form, Single Stroke Gothic

It was formulated in the late 19th century when __ worked out a series of strokes for each letter of the alphabets.

C.W. Reinhardt

The __ means that the width of the straight and curved lines that forms the letters are the same width as the strokes of the pen or pencil.

Expression Single-Stroke

Letters narrower than the normal letters of the same height are called __.

Compressed Letters

Letters that are wider than the normal letters of the same height are called __.

Extended Letters

To attain uniform height of letter, very light horizontal guidelines called (_4_) are drawn.

Capital Line, Waist Line, Base Line, Drop Line

__ are absolutely essential for good lettering. They must drawn very light, so they don't need to be erased.

Guidelines

If the width of the lower portion of a certain letters to be drawn equal to the width of the upper portion it will make the letters unstable and too heavy. To correct this, the upper portion of the letters __ and the numbers __ must be reduced slightly to give it a stable appearance.

B, E, F, S, X, Z, 2, 3, 8

Two styles of letters, the __.

Vertical Letters, Slant Letters

The slant letters are inclined at approximately __ degrees.

Vertical letters are constructed __ degrees with horizontal plane.

ELEMENTS OF LETTERS:

Stem Letters, Oval Letters

Straight line of the letters that is drawn with a single downward stroke of the hand.

Stem Letters

The other element of the letter. They resemble ellipses.

Oval Letters

The curve lines in a letter that is drawn in one way or two way strokes of the hand.

Oval Letters

PROPERTIES OF GOOD STEM

It must be perfectly straight., It must be tangent to oval and touches exactly the horizontal guidelines., It must be uniform in slope., It must be uniform in thickness.

STYLES OF LETTERS •

It must be smooth and not pumpkin seed shaped., It should have no appendages., It must be tangent to stem and guidelines., It must be uniform in slope., The width must be uniform throughout., It must be uniform in thickness.

METHODS OF CONSTRUCTIONS:

Parallelogram Method, Two-Line Method, Sight Method

Used by beginners using all the guidelines like the horizontal, vertical and inclined guidelines.

Parallelogram Method

Used by semi-skilled draftsman using horizontal guidelines only.

Two-Line Method

Used by skilled draftsman wherein letters are constructed without guidelines.

Sight Method

__ bring objects to life, born from engineers' creative thoughts.

Drawings

__ utilizes visuals like drawings, photos, and sketches.

Graphic Communication

It's about using __ to communicate instructions, messages, and concepts effectively.

Images

__ are clear guides, no matter the artist. Purpose: Turn ideas into accurate reality. They include sizes, notes, and details, not just pictures. Understanding the drawings matters more than knowing who drew them.

Engineering Drawings

Engineering drawing are made up of __.

Graphics Language, Word Language

GRAPHICS LANGUANGE 1 2 3 WORD LANGUAGE 4

Geometric Construction, Line Types, Projection Method, Lettering

__ adds clear notes to drawings for easy understanding.

Lettering

(CAD)

Computer Aided Design

Shape & space between letters and words.

Legibility

Size & line thickness.

Uniformity

TYPES OF LETTERING:

Double Stroke Lettering, Single Stroke Lettering

The line width is greater than that of Single Stroke Lettering.

Double Stroke Lettering

Double Stroke Lettering is further divided into:

Double Stroke Vertical Gothic Lettering, Double Stroke Inclined Gothic Lettering

__ is mostly used when hand drawing double stroked letters.

Stencil

: Thickness is obtained by a single stroke of pencil or ink pen.

Single Stroke Lettering

Single Stroke Lettering is further divided into:

Single Stroke Vertical Gothic Lettering, Single Stroke Inclined Gothic Lettering

GUIDELINES IN LETTERING

Use all CAPITAL LETTERS., Use even pressure to draw precise, clean lines., Use one stroke per line., Horizontal Strokes are drawn left to right., Vertical Strokes are drawn downward., Curved strokes are drawn top to bottom in one continuous stroke on each side., Use the single-stroke, gothic style of lettering., Always skip a space between rows of letters., Always use very light guide lines., Fractions are lettered twice the height of normal letters., Fraction bars are always drawn horizontal., Use a medium lead for normal lettering., Use a hard lead for drawing guide lines.

BASICS OF SINGLE STROKE:

Straight, Slanted, Horizontal, Curved

SPACE BETWEEN LETTERINGS:

Straight - Straight, Straight - Curve, Straight - Slant, Curve - Curve, Curve - Slant, Slant - Slant, The letter "L" and "T"

SCALE 1:1

For full size

SCALE X:1

For enlargement scales

For reduction scales

SCALE 1:X

A __ is like a tiny cross in space.

Point

The __ is where the cross lines meet.

Exact Point

__ can have points marked by short dashed lines.

Lines

Use __, not dots, for clear points except in quick sketches.

Crosses

__ are like endless paths-straight or curved.

Lines

__ are shortest between points and can go any way.

Straight Lines

Line __ varies; we decide how long.

Length

__ show start and end of lines.

Marks

__ have same distance apart (// symbol).

Parallel Lines

__ meet at 90 degrees.

Perpendicular Lines

__ appears where two lines meet.

Angle

There are three main types of angle:

Right, Acute, Obtuse

90°, smaller than a square corner.

Right Angle

Less than 90°, sharper than a right angle.

Acute Angle

More than 90°, wider than a right angle.

Obtuse Angle

A __ equals 180°.

Straight Line

Angle symbol: __ (one) and __ (more).

<, <'s

Draw angles with tools like a __, __, or __.

Drafting Machine, Triangle, Protractor

A __ is a flat shape with three straight sides.. Inside, the angles together add up to 180°.

Triangle

Different types of triangles: __, __, __, and __.

Right, Equilateral, Isosceles, Obtuse-Angled

One angle is 90.

Right Triangle

All sides and angles are equal.

Equilateral Triangle

Two sides and angles match.

Isosceles Triangle

One angle is more than 90°.

Obtuse-Angled Triangle

__ has three equal sides.

Equilateral Triangle

__ has two equal sides.

Isosceles Triangle

__ has no equal sides.

Scalene Triangle

__ has three angles <90.

Acute Triangle

__ has one angle = 90.

Right Triangle

__ has one angle >90.

Obtuse Triangle

A __ is a flat shape with four straight sides.

Quadrilateral

If opposite sides are parallel, It's a __ too.

Parallelogram

No parallel sides.

Trapezium

Exactly one pair of parallel sides.

Trapezoid

Two pairs of parallel sides.

Parallelogram

Parallelogram with congruent sides.

Rhombus

Parallelogram with right angles.

Rectangle

Rectangle with congruent sides.

Square

A __ is a flat shape with three or more straight sides.

Polygon

Represent features that can be seen in the cament view.

Visible Line

Indicate the sizes and location of features.

Dimension Line, Extension Line, Leader Line

Represent features that cannot be seen in the current view.

Hidden Line

Represents symmetry path of motion, centers of circles axis of axisymmetrical parts.

Center Line

MAIN LINE TYPES

Visible Lines, Hidden Lines, Center Lines, Dimension Lines, Extension Lines, Leader Lines, Break Lines, Phantom Lines, Section Lines, Viewing Planes, Cutting Planes

Pg 1. Radio-and-Television

Jian Estelle · 23問 · 2年前

Pg 1. Radio-and-Television