問題一覧
1
The lettering used in mechanical drawing is a __ called __.
Single Stroke, Freehand Form, Single Stroke Gothic
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It was formulated in the late 19th century when __ worked out a series of strokes for each letter of the alphabets.
C.W. Reinhardt
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The __ means that the width of the straight and curved lines that forms the letters are the same width as the strokes of the pen or pencil.
Expression Single-Stroke
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Letters narrower than the normal letters of the same height are called __.
Compressed Letters
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Letters that are wider than the normal letters of the same height are called __.
Extended Letters
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To attain uniform height of letter, very light horizontal guidelines called (_4_) are drawn.
Capital Line, Waist Line, Base Line, Drop Line
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__ are absolutely essential for good lettering. They must drawn very light, so they don't need to be erased.
Guidelines
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If the width of the lower portion of a certain letters to be drawn equal to the width of the upper portion it will make the letters unstable and too heavy. To correct this, the upper portion of the letters __ and the numbers __ must be reduced slightly to give it a stable appearance.
B, E, F, S, X, Z, 2, 3, 8
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Two styles of letters, the __.
Vertical Letters, Slant Letters
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The slant letters are inclined at approximately __ degrees.
72
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Vertical letters are constructed __ degrees with horizontal plane.
90
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ELEMENTS OF LETTERS:
Stem Letters, Oval Letters
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Straight line of the letters that is drawn with a single downward stroke of the hand.
Stem Letters
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The other element of the letter. They resemble ellipses.
Oval Letters
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The curve lines in a letter that is drawn in one way or two way strokes of the hand.
Oval Letters
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PROPERTIES OF GOOD STEM
It must be perfectly straight., It must be tangent to oval and touches exactly the horizontal guidelines., It must be uniform in slope., It must be uniform in thickness.
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STYLES OF LETTERS •
It must be smooth and not pumpkin seed shaped., It should have no appendages., It must be tangent to stem and guidelines., It must be uniform in slope., The width must be uniform throughout., It must be uniform in thickness.
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METHODS OF CONSTRUCTIONS:
Parallelogram Method, Two-Line Method, Sight Method
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Used by beginners using all the guidelines like the horizontal, vertical and inclined guidelines.
Parallelogram Method
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Used by semi-skilled draftsman using horizontal guidelines only.
Two-Line Method
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Used by skilled draftsman wherein letters are constructed without guidelines.
Sight Method
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__ bring objects to life, born from engineers' creative thoughts.
Drawings
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__ utilizes visuals like drawings, photos, and sketches.
Graphic Communication
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It's about using __ to communicate instructions, messages, and concepts effectively.
Images
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__ are clear guides, no matter the artist. Purpose: Turn ideas into accurate reality. They include sizes, notes, and details, not just pictures. Understanding the drawings matters more than knowing who drew them.
Engineering Drawings
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Engineering drawing are made up of __.
Graphics Language, Word Language
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GRAPHICS LANGUANGE 1 2 3 WORD LANGUAGE 4
Geometric Construction, Line Types, Projection Method, Lettering
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__ adds clear notes to drawings for easy understanding.
Lettering
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(CAD)
Computer Aided Design
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Shape & space between letters and words.
Legibility
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Size & line thickness.
Uniformity
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TYPES OF LETTERING:
Double Stroke Lettering, Single Stroke Lettering
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The line width is greater than that of Single Stroke Lettering.
Double Stroke Lettering
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Double Stroke Lettering is further divided into:
Double Stroke Vertical Gothic Lettering, Double Stroke Inclined Gothic Lettering
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__ is mostly used when hand drawing double stroked letters.
Stencil
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: Thickness is obtained by a single stroke of pencil or ink pen.
Single Stroke Lettering
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Single Stroke Lettering is further divided into:
Single Stroke Vertical Gothic Lettering, Single Stroke Inclined Gothic Lettering
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GUIDELINES IN LETTERING
Use all CAPITAL LETTERS., Use even pressure to draw precise, clean lines., Use one stroke per line., Horizontal Strokes are drawn left to right., Vertical Strokes are drawn downward., Curved strokes are drawn top to bottom in one continuous stroke on each side., Use the single-stroke, gothic style of lettering., Always skip a space between rows of letters., Always use very light guide lines., Fractions are lettered twice the height of normal letters., Fraction bars are always drawn horizontal., Use a medium lead for normal lettering., Use a hard lead for drawing guide lines.
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BASICS OF SINGLE STROKE:
Straight, Slanted, Horizontal, Curved
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SPACE BETWEEN LETTERINGS:
Straight - Straight, Straight - Curve, Straight - Slant, Curve - Curve, Curve - Slant, Slant - Slant, The letter "L" and "T"
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SCALE 1:1
For full size
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SCALE X:1
For enlargement scales
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For reduction scales
SCALE 1:X
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A __ is like a tiny cross in space.
Point
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The __ is where the cross lines meet.
Exact Point
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__ can have points marked by short dashed lines.
Lines
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Use __, not dots, for clear points except in quick sketches.
Crosses
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__ are like endless paths-straight or curved.
Lines
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__ are shortest between points and can go any way.
Straight Lines
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Line __ varies; we decide how long.
Length
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__ show start and end of lines.
Marks
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__ have same distance apart (// symbol).
Parallel Lines
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__ meet at 90 degrees.
Perpendicular Lines
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__ appears where two lines meet.
Angle
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There are three main types of angle:
Right, Acute, Obtuse
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90°, smaller than a square corner.
Right Angle
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Less than 90°, sharper than a right angle.
Acute Angle
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More than 90°, wider than a right angle.
Obtuse Angle
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A __ equals 180°.
Straight Line
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Angle symbol: __ (one) and __ (more).
<, <'s
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Draw angles with tools like a __, __, or __.
Drafting Machine, Triangle, Protractor
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A __ is a flat shape with three straight sides.. Inside, the angles together add up to 180°.
Triangle
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Different types of triangles: __, __, __, and __.
Right, Equilateral, Isosceles, Obtuse-Angled
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One angle is 90.
Right Triangle
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All sides and angles are equal.
Equilateral Triangle
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Two sides and angles match.
Isosceles Triangle
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One angle is more than 90°.
Obtuse-Angled Triangle
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__ has three equal sides.
Equilateral Triangle
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__ has two equal sides.
Isosceles Triangle
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__ has no equal sides.
Scalene Triangle
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__ has three angles <90.
Acute Triangle
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__ has one angle = 90.
Right Triangle
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__ has one angle >90.
Obtuse Triangle
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A __ is a flat shape with four straight sides.
Quadrilateral
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If opposite sides are parallel, It's a __ too.
Parallelogram
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No parallel sides.
Trapezium
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Exactly one pair of parallel sides.
Trapezoid
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Two pairs of parallel sides.
Parallelogram
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Parallelogram with congruent sides.
Rhombus
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Parallelogram with right angles.
Rectangle
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Rectangle with congruent sides.
Square
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A __ is a flat shape with three or more straight sides.
Polygon
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Represent features that can be seen in the cament view.
Visible Line
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Indicate the sizes and location of features.
Dimension Line, Extension Line, Leader Line
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Represent features that cannot be seen in the current view.
Hidden Line
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Represents symmetry path of motion, centers of circles axis of axisymmetrical parts.
Center Line
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MAIN LINE TYPES
Visible Lines, Hidden Lines, Center Lines, Dimension Lines, Extension Lines, Leader Lines, Break Lines, Phantom Lines, Section Lines, Viewing Planes, Cutting Planes