問題一覧
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Returns a Boolean, file exists
file_exists()
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Allows you to include the contents
include()
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gets file size in bytes
filesize()
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gets last access time of file
fileatime()
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Gets file type
filetype()
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gets file permissions
fileperms()
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gets file owner
fileowner()
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Returns a Boolean, specified path is a directory
is_dir()
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Returns a Boolean, specified file is a writable
is_writable()
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Returns a Boolean, specified file is a executable
is_executable()
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gets last modification time of file
filemtime()
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Returns a Boolean, specified file is a regular file
is_file()
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gets file group
filegroup()
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Returns a Boolean, specified file is readable
is_readable()
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Returns a Boolean, specified file is a symbolic link
is_link()
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The following sections discuss reading and writing files, and retrieving file information.
Reading and Writing File
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To begin with, let’s consider the process of opening a file and reading its contents.
Reading Data from a File
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DDL
Data Definition Language
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consists of statements that define the structure and relationships of a database and its tables.
DDL
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DML
Data Manipulation Language
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statements are related to altering and extracting data from a database.
DML
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DCL
Data Control Language
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statements are used to define access levels and security privileges for a database.
DCL
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a comprehensive set of directory manipulation functions, which enable developers to read and parse an entire directory listing.
Obtaining Directory Listings
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like MySQL takes things a step further, by enabling you to create links between the various pieces of data in a database, and then use the relationships to analyze the data in different ways.
Relational Database
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divides data into rows, with a new entry (or record) on every row. The data in each row is further broken down into columns (or fields), each of which contains a value for a particular attribute of that data.
Table
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refers to the activity of streamlining a database design by eliminating redundancies and repeated values.
Normalization
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used to perform an arithmetic operation on the server and return the results to the client
Select Statement
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To obtain help on using the MySQL client
help
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To close the connection to the server and exit the client.
quit
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An alternative method of reading data from a file is the __ function
file()
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To display the contents of the file, simply iterate over the array in a __ function
foreach()
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this function is mostly used as a primitive error-handling mechanism.
die()
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can be used to terminate script processing with an explanatory user-specified error message indicating the reason why.
die()
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this functions are all binary safe
fopen(), fwrite(), fread()
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function first retrieves a handle to the named directory; this handle serves as the primary point of contact for all subsequent operations
opendir()
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function then uses the file handle to read the contents of the directory, and return a list of file names one after another
readdir()
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function is used to destroy the directory handle.
closedir()
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SEQUEL
Structured English Query Language
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SQL first life
SEQUEL
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was a part of System/R, a prototype of the first relational database system created by IBM in 1974.
SEQUEL
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In 1989, __ became an ANSI standard.
SQL
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SQL statements resemble spoken English and can broadly be classified into three categories:
Data Definition Language, Data Manipulation Language, Data Control Language