問題一覧
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Name after who first discovered the xray
Conrad Wilhelm Roentgen
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Color in Xray: Air
black
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PA stands for
posteroanterior
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Radiopaque called as
opacity or opacification
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Radiolucency
darker areas
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Hyperlucency indicates
too much air
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Radiopaque indicates
fluids or solids
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normal
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atelectasis of right upper lobe with tracheal deviation
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pneumothorax
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massive pleural effusion
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Flail Chest
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right sided mediastinal shift
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COPD/ emphysema
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blunted costcophrenic angle
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consolidation of the right middle lobe
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consolidation of left upper lobe
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ABCDE stands for
A- airway B- Bones C- cardiac D- diaphragm E- equal lung field
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Normally where is trachea located?
center
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When the air in the small airways of the lungs is replaced with a fluid, solid, or other material such as pus, blood, water, stomach contents, or cells.
consolidation
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pulmonary edema
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pleural effusion
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air bronchogram
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pneumonia
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tuberculosis
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Color in Xray: Fat
dark gray
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Soft tissue
light gray
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Bone
white
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records the electrical activity of the heart.
ECG
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an help diagnose various cardiac conditions
12 lead ECG
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A 12 lead ECG can help diagnose various cardiac conditions, including: (select all that apply)
Heart attacks, Arrhythmias, Heart blocks
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The device to which the electrodes are attached to is the
electrocardiograph
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The electrical activity of the heart recorded on graphic paper is called an
electrocardiogram
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ALIEN EQUIPMENT
Pacemaker, Nasogastric tube, ECG, Catheters
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Electrical conduction system of the heart: (select all that apply)
Sinoatrial (SA) node , Atrioventricular (AV) node, Bundle of his, Purkinje Fibers, Right and left bundle branches
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the pacemaker of the heart
Sinoatrial (SA) node
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the “backup” pacemaker because it has the second greatest degree of automaticity in the healthy heart.
Atrioventricular (AV) node
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the ability of the cardiac muscle cells to depolarize without stimulation.
Automaticity
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contraction
Depolarization
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Relaxation
Repolarization
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Once the physician orders a 12-lead ECG, the equipment is gathered, which includes
portable ECG unit, lead wires, electrodes
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(Select two(2) answers)
Lead wire, Electrode
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Standard/bipolar limb leads
Limb lead I, II, and III
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Augmented/Unipolar leads:
Lead aVR, aVL, Avf
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Precordial/ chest leads
V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6
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4 limbs - (4 electrodes place in the upper and low extremities) Right Arm=
White
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4 limbs - (4 electrodes place in the upper and low extremities) Left Arm=
Black
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4 limbs - (4 electrodes place in the upper and low extremities) Right Leg
Green
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4 limbs - (4 electrodes place in the upper and low extremities) Left Leg
Red
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Use_______________, to remember the white lead is on the right side.
White on the right
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Use _______________, to remember the black wire goes over the red lead wire
smoke over fire
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Use _______________, to remember the white lead wire goes over the green lead wire
clouds over grass
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The mnemonic to remember the order of the precordial lead wire colors is:
Ride Your Green Bike On Pavement
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(can be found in the RA) gives electrical activity the right atrium. (The pacemaker of the heart, because it cause the heart to pump)
SA node
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(can be found in the RA) gives electrical activity down to the ventricles ( the backup, in case for the SA node unable to start/initiate)
AV node
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a large branch that connects the RBB and LBB
Bundle of his
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the last destination of electrical activity.
Purkinje fibers
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waves represent atrial depolarization/contraction
P waves
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represents the depolarization of the ventricles.
QRS complex
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represents ventricular repolarization.
T wave
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It represents the time for electrical activity to move between the atria and the ventricles
PR interval
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represents the time between depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles
ST segment
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It represents the time taken for the ventricles to depolarize and then repolarize.
QT interval
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The paper used to record ECGs is standardized across most hospitals and has the following characteristics:
• Each small square represents 0.04 seconds, • Each large square represents 0.20 seconds, • 5 large squares = 1 second, • 300 large squares = 1 minute
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Normal Values of ECG
• QRS complex is less than 0.12 seconds • PR interval is 0.12 to 0.20 seconds • ST segment should be flat, not above or below the baseline.
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normal sinus rhythm
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sinus tachycardia
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sinus bradycardia
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sinus arrhythmia
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atrial flutter
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Atrial fibrillation
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premature ventricular contraction
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ventricular tachycardia
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ventricular fibrillation
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PR interval which is longer than 0.20 seconds
first-degree heart block
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PR interval gets longer then sudden drop of QRS complex
Type I (Wenckebach or Mobitz type I)
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PR interval is normal then sudden drop of QRS complex
Second-degree heart block type II (Mobitz type II)
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• P waves and QRS complex beats independently • In other words, P waves occur with no fixed time relationship to the QRS complexes. • R-R intervals are regular, but they have no correlation with one another
third degree
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first degree Av block
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second degree Av block mobitz or wrenckenbach)
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second degree Av block (mobitz II)
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second degree Av block (2:1 block)
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third degree with junctional escape