問題一覧
1
shows the connection between firms and households in input and output market
circular flow of economic activity
2
is an organization that transforms rsources (inputs) into products (outputs).
firm
3
Is a person who organizes managers and assumes the risk of a firm, taking a new idea or a new product and turning it into a successful business
entrepreneur
4
Are the consuming units in an economy?
household
5
Are the markets in which goods and services are exchanged?
output
6
Are the markets in which resources, labor capital and land used to produce products are exchanged
input
7
In which households supply work for wages to firms that demand labor
labor market
8
What are the input markets?
labor market, capital market, land market
9
What are the markets and competition?
market, competitive market, perfectly competitive
10
It’s a group of buyers and sellers of a particular product
market
11
is one with many buyers and sellers each has an negligible effect on price
competitive market
12
All goods are exactly the same and buyers and sellers so numerous that no one can affect market price. Each is a price taker.
perfectly competitive
13
The amount of the good that buyers are willing and able to purchase
quantity demand
14
The law of demand is an ____ relationship between price and quantity demand
inverse
15
At the lower price consumers can buy more of a product without giving up other goods
income effect
16
At the lower price consumers have the incentive to substitute the cheaper good for similar goods that are now relatively more expensive
substitution effect
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States that successive units of all given product used yield less and less extra satisfaction
diminishing marginal utility
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It shows the relationship between the price and demand
demand schedule
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Is derived by adding all the quantities demand in a demand schedule, which correspond to their prices
market demand
20
what are the demand shifts?
consumer taste and preference, income, market size, price, consumer expectation
21
As a new band becomes popular the demand for that band rules when the band gets poor reviews, the demand decreases
consumer taste and preferences
22
generally, when incoming increases consumers Have more money to spend or more ability
income
23
A pizza shop deliver To a 5 mile radius the people in that area are their market size if they increase their delivery to 10 miles they are increasing their
market size
24
What Are the two types of price of related goods?
substitute goods, complementary goods
25
Similar goods that replace higher price boobs
substitute goods
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Good commonly used with other goods
complementary goods
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Consumer expects an increase in payday, and to spend more increasing demand, when expecting a low income, they expend less decreasing demand
consumer expectations
28
what are the 3 economic concepts
income effect, substitution effect, diminishing marginal utility
29
In which households supply their savings for interest, or for claims to future profits to firms that demands once to buy capital goods
capital market
30
In which household supply land, and other real property in exchange for rent
land market
31
Is the amount that sellers are willing and able to sell?
quantity supplied
32
The law of supply is a___relationship between price and quantity supplied
direct
33
It is the amount of money remaining after producers have paid all of their costs is called.
profit
34
What are the supply shift?
price of resources, government tools, technology, competition, prices of related goods, producer expectations
35
A___shift means an increasein supply
right
36
a___shift means a decrease in supply
left
37
Any price we can increase or decrease in resources, will affect their cost
prices of resources
38
New technology can reduce the cost of production leading to an increase in supply
technology
39
What are some examples of government tools?
taxes, subsidies, regulations
40
It is an increase in supply, because there are more companies producing similar goods
competition
41
Suppliers may choose to produce different goods which are selling for a higher profit
prices of related goods
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If the producer thinks the demand for or the price of their product will increase level, increase their supply
producer expectations
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This occurs when the buying of household and selling decisions of producers are equated
market equilibrium
44
This is the difference in the amount demanded, and the amount supplied (quantity demand is more than quantity supplied)
shortage
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This is the difference in the amount demanded in the amount supplied (quantity demand is less than quantity supply)
surplus
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It is the total monetary or market value Of all finish goods and services produced within a country borders in a specific time period
gross domestic product
47
What are the influence of cash?
consumption spending, government spending, export
48
What are the outflows of cash?
taxes, imports, savings
49
How do you calculate the GDP
GDP=C+G+I+(X-M)
50
What are the three different ways to measure GDP?
value added approach, income approach, expenditure approach
51
Who is the founder of the keynesian theory?
john maynard keynes
52
Who are the followers of monetarist?
clark warburton, milton friedman, ann schwartz, paul volcker
53
This focuses on the macroeconomic effects of the supply of money in the role of central banking on an economic system
monetarism
54
Who are the followers of Austrian
carl meneger, friedrick von weiser, eugen von bohm-bawerk
55
Who are the followers of neoclassical?
adam smith, david ricardo
56
it About methodological, individualism, or idea that people will act in meaningful way, which can be analyzed
austrian
57
What are the main tenets of keynesian theory?
unemployment, excessive saving, fiscal policy, the multiplier effect, IS-LM
58
what are the central tenets of austrian
oppurtunity cost, capital and interest, inflation, business cycle, the organizing power of market
59
He defines economics as the science of wealth
adam smith
60
He defines economics as the shifted emphasis from wealth production to wealth distribution
david ricardo
61
He defines economics as the science of production distribution and conception of wealth
J.B say
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He defines economics as the law that governs mankind in the production of wealth. The wealth definition means that wealth was considered to be an end in itself.
J.S. mills
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According to him the use of the word material narrows down to the scope of economics because there are many things in the world which are immaterial, but are useful for promoting human welfare
lionel robbins
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It is the branch of economics purposes on broad issues, such as growth, unemployment, inflation, and trade balance
macroeconomics
65
It is the branch of economics opposite on option of particular agents with economy, household workers, and business firms
microeconomics
66
Limitations or limited, goose or services limited time or limited abilities to achieve the desire and
scarcity
67
Goods that consumer must pay obtain also called scarce goods
economic goods
68
These are obtained by consumers for free because they are abundant relative to the demand
free goods
69
What Are the inputs used in production Of goods and services
land, economic capital, labor, entrepreneurship
70
This are good and services that are considered transferable scarce and useful to individuals businesses or government
economic product
71
who purchases the goods and acquire services to satisfy the ones and needs
consumer
72
Our products that are intended for use by individual such as shoes, backpack scars, or computer
consumer goods
73
Are items that are manufactured to produce other goods and services such as bulldozer used to clear land for homes, school computers for students or a cash register at grocery store
capital goods
74
These are considered as an economic product because people will pay to have this done from someone else
service
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It is defined as an item that has worth that can be expressed in dollars cents individuals business, and government governments determine if a product or a services is worth the
value
76
Is the usefulness of an item and must provide the purchaser with some satisfaction
utility
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It is determined by the consumer some people may find an item more useful than other
products utility
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It is a contradiction in a situation where some things should have value because it useful
paradox of utility
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It is documentation of all those products that are scarce,tangible, and transferable from one person to another
wealth
80
What are the two approaches Of economic development
traditional approach, new welfare oriented approach
81
It is characterized by predominance of primary sector, agriculture, low per capita, income, widespread, poverty, wide inequality in distribution of income and wealth over population low rate of capital formation higher rate of unemployment, technological, backwardness, and
under developed country
82
refers to the state of economy were levels of living of masses are extremely low due to very low Levels of per capita income, resulting from low levels of productivity and high growth rate of population
underdevelopment
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It means an Increase in real national income/national output. It is also defined as that increase in value of goods and services produced as measured by annual percentage change in real GDP.
economic growth
84
It means an improvement in the quality of life and living standards
economic development
85
What are the stages of economic development?
a structural transformation of the economy, a demographic transition , a process of urbanization
86
What are the stages of economic growth?
traditional society, preconditions to takeoff, takeoff, drive to maturity, age of high mass consumption
87
What are the measurements of economic development?
gross national product, GNP per capita, welfare, social indicators