single use plans , standing plan

Objective , Strategy, Method, Policies, Rule, Procedure, Programme, Budget, ROMS BPPP

Narrow span of management (tall structure), Wider span of management (wide structure)

Specialisation, Easy coordination, Easy supervision, it helps in managerial efficiency, Effective training, CSS ME

Route clerk, Instructions Card Clerk, Time And cost Clerk, Disciplinarian

Gang boss, Speed Boss, Repair Boss, Inspector

Unity of Command

Connects with government officials and outside the world, decides the objective of the organization, Organizing activities to be performed by persons working at middle level, Formulates plans and policies, Arrange resources such as raw materials, finance and fixed assets, Responsible for welfare and survival of the organization, COOPRR

Transfer Plan and Policies framed by top level management to lower level management, connects with government officials and outside the world, Recruitment of employees, Motivating employees, co-operate with other departments for smooth functioning of the organization, PCR MC

Representing the problems or grievances of workers before the middle level of management, Maintaining good and healthy working conditions for workers, Middle level management co-operate with other departments for smooth functioning of the organization., Helps to middle level management in Recruitment process, They are responsible for boosting morale of employees, Lower level management interact with the actual work force and pass on instruction of middle level management

It is Needed to perform all the functions of management, It is required at all the levels, Coordination is the most important function of an organisation

Digital Process, Covers Ecommerce, Mediation, More strict Rules, Covers product manufacturers,service providers, dealers and sellers, Place of Seller , Celebrity Liabilities, CCPA ( Central Consumer Protection Authority ), PCM CM CD

who buys goods or services for earning livelihood by self-employment, users of goods or services with approval of buyers, One who buys goods or hires services for some value

Voluntary organization in interest of consumer education (VOICE), connsumer association (Kolkata), consumer guidance society in India, Mumbai Grahak Panchayat

Newspaper, Speech, Event, Public Service Activities, Written Materials

Deal in medium long term Securities, Use of intermediaries, Riskier, High rate of return for investors, Less Liquid

Banks, Financial institutions, Public and private Companies

Banks, Financial Institutional, Nqs

Primary Market, Secondary Market

(NSDL) National Securities Depositories Ltd, (CDSL) Central Depositories Services Ltd

Process of Conversion of Physical certificates in electronic FORM Like share debentures

Earlier Broker used to control and mange the stock exchange which lead to conflicts in clients and brokers , Demutualisation means separation of ownership and control of stock exchange from trading rights through demutualisation this reduces the chances that a broker can use stock exchange for personal Gains

To be Created

it means keeping focus on some key areas (KRAS) and if there is any deviation in these key areas then it must be attended urgently. Key areas are those which have impact on whole organization

Means a manager who tries to control everything may end up controlling nothing. The deviation which are beyond the specific range should only by handled by manager and small or minor deviation can be ignored. Manager should not waste time and energy in finding solution for minor deviations should concentrate or remaining deviation of high degree

Unsecured, Low Risk, Short Term Debt, Highly Liquid

Public issue throigh prospectus, offer for sale, Private Placement, Right issue ( for existing customers ), E-IPO ( Electronic initial public offer )

Backward - We need to check actual performance from planned performance, Forward looking - We need to take Corrective Actions

Controlling takes place on basis of certain standards developed by planning , planning without controlling is meaningless, planning is presprictive controlling is evaluative, planning and controlling are both backward and forward looking function

forward looking - planning is done for future, backward looking - planning is guided by past experiences of the company

Quantitative Standards , Qualitative Standards

Personal Observation, Sample Checking, Performance Reports, Accounting Ratios

Offer through prospectus, Offer for sale, Private Placement, Rights Issue, eIPO, POOR E