問題一覧
1
Hypoglycaemia is a term associate with what presentation?
A blood sugar level of 0-3.0 mmols
2
The life span of an erythrocyte is considered to be about 120 days. However in a patient with sickle cell, the lifespan of an affected erythrocyte is
Typically 10-20 days
3
A petechial non-blanching rash refers to what type of presentation?
A rash that does not blanch or disappear under the pressure of a glass
4
For a patient presenting with a status epilepticus condition, a paramedic would consider the us of a drug known as?
Diazepam
5
A patient who is known to present with convulsions on a regular basis may have what medication at home to help them during an episode?
Buccal Midazolam
6
In epilepsy, there are transient paroxysms of uncontrolled discharges of nerve tissue within the brain causing symptoms for the patient. Which of the following symptoms would be unlikely to be associated with this condition?
sudden onset of a rash at the base of the neck
7
A patient with Gestational diabetes is unable to do what?
due to pregnancy, sugar levels can not be regulated
8
From the following list, which is unlikely to cause an altered level of consciousness in a patient?
post traumatic stress disorder
9
From the following list, which is unlikely to cause an altered level of consciousness in a patient?
chronic back pain
10
A secondary headache refers to
Headache symptoms that are as a result of an illness or injury
11
When a patient presents with Acute Coronary Syndrome, the administration of aspirin will have what effect on the condition?
Acts as an antiplatelet, reducing the formation of blood clot in the affected coronary artery
12
What part of the Erythrocyte is affected by the genetic mutation in sickle cell disease?
Haemoglobin
13
A patient with type 2 diabetes has a deficiency of what?
pancreas produces a small amount of insulin, but inadequate to regulate blood sugar levels
14
From the following list, which is unlikely to cause an altered level of consciousness in a patient?
chronic emphysema
15
Cauda Equina Syndrome affects
urinary and faecal continence
16
Convulsions result from
The synchronised and excessive activation of neurons in the cerebral cortex
17
Patients that experience cluster headaches refer to the pain as
Severe, great intensity of pain that causes restlessness and despair
18
During Aortic dissection, the patient may present with a systolic blood pressure differential of pressures between arms?
20mmHg
19
In heart failure, heart muscle function declines. When the cardiac output on the left side of the heart occurs due to this condition, what effect does this have on the respiratory system?
Blood backs up into the pulmonary circulation, causing fluid to accumulate in the lungs
20
Aortic dissection occurs due to
Tunica Intima is torn in an area of high wall stress
21
In epilepsy, they transient paroxysms of uncontrolled discharges of nerve tissue within the brain causing symptoms for the patient. Which of the following symptoms would be unlikely to be associated with this condition?
Sudden pain in the chest that radiates to the jaw
22
To be classed as stable angina, the condition should consist of: i. Classic chest discomfort ii. Reduced levels of consciousness in patient iii. Provoked by exertion or emotional stress iv. Recovery following Adrenaline v. Relieved by rest/ or nitrates within minutes vi. Recovery following the administration of beta blocker medication during acute episodes
i, iii, v
23
Which of the following signs and symptoms may indicate meningococcal disease? i. Looking generally unwell ii. Increased appetite iii. Fever iv. Nausea/ vomiting v. Headache, muscle/joint pain vi. Hyperactivity
iii, iv, v
24
Due to rupture of a coronary artery affected by artherosclerosis, vasoconstriction and intraluminal clotting will occur. The reduction of blood flow to the myocardium will cause a condition known as?
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
25
A patient with type 1 diabetes has a deficiency of what?
pancreas is unable to produce insulin
26
Chronic Heart Failure is defined as:
Presenting condition has not changed in a protracted period of time
27
In meningococcal disease, the meningococci bacteria commonly enter the blood stream at what location?
The nasal mucosa
28
In epilepsy, there are transient paroxysms of uncontrollled discharges of nerve tissue within the brain causing symptoms for the patient. Which of the following symptoms would be unlikely to be associated with this condition?
Cramp pains in a localised area lasting for greater than 60 mins e.g pain behind the knee
29
Which cell in circulatory system is primarily affected by sickle cell anaemia?
Erythrocytes
30
A stroke arises as a result of the interruption of blood supply to part of the brain, which may be as a result of a clot or bleed. To minimise this disruption, two pairs of blood vessels provide a constant supply of blood to the brain called the Vertebral Artery and the Internal Carotid Artery. These arteries interconnect at the base of the brain to form what?
Circle of Willis
31
A patient presenting with the following signs and symptoms may be considered ass experiencing what condition? -Back pain, predominantly in the saddle region -Motor weakness of the legs -Loss of toe of the anal sphincter -Loss of urinary control
Cauda Equina Syndrome
32
Hypoglycaemia is unlikely to be caused by what of the following options?
insufficient insulin in the body
33
Acute Heart Failure can be described as
Ventricular enlargement and dilation with impairment contractility
34
From the following list, which common cause of a headache would be an incorrect example?
Outdoor walks
35
Risk factors associated with stroke are i. smoking ii. vegerterian diet iii. normal sinus rhythm iv. atrial fibrillation v. hypertension vi. hypotension
i, iv, v
36
A patient who presents as FAST Positive with no time critical features should be transported to (where possible)
The nearest ‘Hyperacute’ Stroke Unit
37
Cauda Equina syndrome statistically affects almost half of which age group?
30-50 years of age
38
A subarachnoid haemorrhage is a bleed in the layers of the meninges. Between what layers does the bleeding occur?
Arachnoid Matter and Pia Matter
39
When a patient has an Aortic dissection, they often describe the pain as being:
Severe, tearing or ripping