問題一覧
1
To be classed as stable angina, the condition should consist of: i. Classic chest discomfort ii. Reduced levels of consciousness in patient iii. Provoked by exertion or emotional stress iv. Recovery following Adrenaline v. Relieved by rest/ or nitrates within minutes vi. Recovery following the administration of beta blocker medication during acute episodes
i, iii, v
2
Due to rupture of a coronary artery affected by artherosclerosis, vasoconstriction and intraluminal clotting will occur. The reduction of blood flow to the myocardium will cause a condition known as?
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
3
When a patient presents with Acute Coronary Syndrome, the administration of aspirin will have what effect on the condition?
Acts as an antiplatelet, reducing the formation of blood clot in the affected coronary artery
4
Acute Heart Failure can be described as
Ventricular enlargement and dilation with impairment contractility
5
Chronic Heart Failure is defined as:
Presenting condition has not changed in a protracted period of time
6
In heart failure, heart muscle function declines. When the cardiac output on the left side of the heart occurs due to this condition, what effect does this have on the respiratory system?
Blood backs up into the pulmonary circulation, causing fluid to accumulate in the lungs
7
Aortic dissection occurs due to
Tunica Intima is torn in an area of high wall stress
8
During Aortic dissection, the patient may present with a systolic blood pressure differential of pressures between arms?
20mmHg
9
When a patient has an Aortic dissection, they often describe the pain as being:
Severe, tearing or ripping
10
Which cell in circulatory system is primarily affected by sickle cell anaemia?
Erythrocytes
11
What part of the Erythrocyte is affected by the genetic mutation in sickle cell disease?
Haemoglobin
12
The life span of an erythrocyte is considered to be about 120 days. However in a patient with sickle cell, the lifespan of an affected erythrocyte is
Typically 10-20 days
13
From the following list, which common cause of a headache would be an incorrect example?
Outdoor walks
14
Patients that experience cluster headaches refer to the pain as
Severe, great intensity of pain that causes restlessness and despair
15
A secondary headache refers to
Headache symptoms that are as a result of an illness or injury
16
A subarachnoid haemorrhage is a bleed in the layers of the meninges. Between what layers does the bleeding occur?
Arachnoid Matter and Pia Matter
17
In epilepsy, there are transient paroxysms of uncontrollled discharges of nerve tissue within the brain causing symptoms for the patient. Which of the following symptoms would be unlikely to be associated with this condition?
Cramp pains in a localised area lasting for greater than 60 mins e.g pain behind the knee
18
In epilepsy, there are transient paroxysms of uncontrolled discharges of nerve tissue within the brain causing symptoms for the patient. Which of the following symptoms would be unlikely to be associated with this condition?
sudden onset of a rash at the base of the neck
19
In epilepsy, they transient paroxysms of uncontrolled discharges of nerve tissue within the brain causing symptoms for the patient. Which of the following symptoms would be unlikely to be associated with this condition?
Sudden pain in the chest that radiates to the jaw
20
Convulsions result from
The synchronised and excessive activation of neurons in the cerebral cortex
21
For a patient presenting with a status epilepticus condition, a paramedic would consider the us of a drug known as?
Diazepam
22
A patient who is known to present with convulsions on a regular basis may have what medication at home to help them during an episode?
Buccal Midazolam
23
A stroke arises as a result of the interruption of blood supply to part of the brain, which may be as a result of a clot or bleed. To minimise this disruption, two pairs of blood vessels provide a constant supply of blood to the brain called the Vertebral Artery and the Internal Carotid Artery. These arteries interconnect at the base of the brain to form what?
Circle of Willis
24
Risk factors associated with stroke are i. smoking ii. vegerterian diet iii. normal sinus rhythm iv. atrial fibrillation v. hypertension vi. hypotension
i, iv, v
25
A patient who presents as FAST Positive with no time critical features should be transported to (where possible)
The nearest ‘Hyperacute’ Stroke Unit
26
In meningococcal disease, the meningococci bacteria commonly enter the blood stream at what location?
The nasal mucosa
27
A petechial non-blanching rash refers to what type of presentation?
A rash that does not blanch or disappear under the pressure of a glass
28
Which of the following signs and symptoms may indicate meningococcal disease? i. Looking generally unwell ii. Increased appetite iii. Fever iv. Nausea/ vomiting v. Headache, muscle/joint pain vi. Hyperactivity
iii, iv, v
29
Cauda Equina Syndrome affects
urinary and faecal continence
30
A patient presenting with the following signs and symptoms may be considered ass experiencing what condition? -Back pain, predominantly in the saddle region -Motor weakness of the legs -Loss of toe of the anal sphincter -Loss of urinary control
Cauda Equina Syndrome
31
Cauda Equina syndrome statistically affects almost half of which age group?
30-50 years of age
32
From the following list, which is unlikely to cause an altered level of consciousness in a patient?
chronic back pain
33
From the following list, which is unlikely to cause an altered level of consciousness in a patient?
post traumatic stress disorder
34
From the following list, which is unlikely to cause an altered level of consciousness in a patient?
chronic emphysema
35
A patient with type 1 diabetes has a deficiency of what?
pancreas is unable to produce insulin
36
A patient with type 2 diabetes has a deficiency of what?
pancreas produces a small amount of insulin, but inadequate to regulate blood sugar levels
37
A patient with Gestational diabetes is unable to do what?
due to pregnancy, sugar levels can not be regulated
38
Hypoglycaemia is a term associate with what presentation?
A blood sugar level of 0-3.0 mmols
39
Hypoglycaemia is unlikely to be caused by what of the following options?
insufficient insulin in the body