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  • 問題数 39 • 4/25/2024

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  • 1

    To be classed as stable angina, the condition should consist of: i. Classic chest discomfort ii. Reduced levels of consciousness in patient iii. Provoked by exertion or emotional stress iv. Recovery following Adrenaline v. Relieved by rest/ or nitrates within minutes vi. Recovery following the administration of beta blocker medication during acute episodes

    i, iii, v

  • 2

    Due to rupture of a coronary artery affected by artherosclerosis, vasoconstriction and intraluminal clotting will occur. The reduction of blood flow to the myocardium will cause a condition known as?

    Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

  • 3

    When a patient presents with Acute Coronary Syndrome, the administration of aspirin will have what effect on the condition?

    Acts as an antiplatelet, reducing the formation of blood clot in the affected coronary artery

  • 4

    Acute Heart Failure can be described as

    Ventricular enlargement and dilation with impairment contractility

  • 5

    Chronic Heart Failure is defined as:

    Presenting condition has not changed in a protracted period of time

  • 6

    In heart failure, heart muscle function declines. When the cardiac output on the left side of the heart occurs due to this condition, what effect does this have on the respiratory system?

    Blood backs up into the pulmonary circulation, causing fluid to accumulate in the lungs

  • 7

    Aortic dissection occurs due to

    Tunica Intima is torn in an area of high wall stress

  • 8

    During Aortic dissection, the patient may present with a systolic blood pressure differential of pressures between arms?

    20mmHg

  • 9

    When a patient has an Aortic dissection, they often describe the pain as being:

    Severe, tearing or ripping

  • 10

    Which cell in circulatory system is primarily affected by sickle cell anaemia?

    Erythrocytes

  • 11

    What part of the Erythrocyte is affected by the genetic mutation in sickle cell disease?

    Haemoglobin

  • 12

    The life span of an erythrocyte is considered to be about 120 days. However in a patient with sickle cell, the lifespan of an affected erythrocyte is

    Typically 10-20 days

  • 13

    From the following list, which common cause of a headache would be an incorrect example?

    Outdoor walks

  • 14

    Patients that experience cluster headaches refer to the pain as

    Severe, great intensity of pain that causes restlessness and despair

  • 15

    A secondary headache refers to

    Headache symptoms that are as a result of an illness or injury

  • 16

    A subarachnoid haemorrhage is a bleed in the layers of the meninges. Between what layers does the bleeding occur?

    Arachnoid Matter and Pia Matter

  • 17

    In epilepsy, there are transient paroxysms of uncontrollled discharges of nerve tissue within the brain causing symptoms for the patient. Which of the following symptoms would be unlikely to be associated with this condition?

    Cramp pains in a localised area lasting for greater than 60 mins e.g pain behind the knee

  • 18

    In epilepsy, there are transient paroxysms of uncontrolled discharges of nerve tissue within the brain causing symptoms for the patient. Which of the following symptoms would be unlikely to be associated with this condition?

    sudden onset of a rash at the base of the neck

  • 19

    In epilepsy, they transient paroxysms of uncontrolled discharges of nerve tissue within the brain causing symptoms for the patient. Which of the following symptoms would be unlikely to be associated with this condition?

    Sudden pain in the chest that radiates to the jaw

  • 20

    Convulsions result from

    The synchronised and excessive activation of neurons in the cerebral cortex

  • 21

    For a patient presenting with a status epilepticus condition, a paramedic would consider the us of a drug known as?

    Diazepam

  • 22

    A patient who is known to present with convulsions on a regular basis may have what medication at home to help them during an episode?

    Buccal Midazolam

  • 23

    A stroke arises as a result of the interruption of blood supply to part of the brain, which may be as a result of a clot or bleed. To minimise this disruption, two pairs of blood vessels provide a constant supply of blood to the brain called the Vertebral Artery and the Internal Carotid Artery. These arteries interconnect at the base of the brain to form what?

    Circle of Willis

  • 24

    Risk factors associated with stroke are i. smoking ii. vegerterian diet iii. normal sinus rhythm iv. atrial fibrillation v. hypertension vi. hypotension

    i, iv, v

  • 25

    A patient who presents as FAST Positive with no time critical features should be transported to (where possible)

    The nearest ‘Hyperacute’ Stroke Unit

  • 26

    In meningococcal disease, the meningococci bacteria commonly enter the blood stream at what location?

    The nasal mucosa

  • 27

    A petechial non-blanching rash refers to what type of presentation?

    A rash that does not blanch or disappear under the pressure of a glass

  • 28

    Which of the following signs and symptoms may indicate meningococcal disease? i. Looking generally unwell ii. Increased appetite iii. Fever iv. Nausea/ vomiting v. Headache, muscle/joint pain vi. Hyperactivity

    iii, iv, v

  • 29

    Cauda Equina Syndrome affects

    urinary and faecal continence

  • 30

    A patient presenting with the following signs and symptoms may be considered ass experiencing what condition? -Back pain, predominantly in the saddle region -Motor weakness of the legs -Loss of toe of the anal sphincter -Loss of urinary control

    Cauda Equina Syndrome

  • 31

    Cauda Equina syndrome statistically affects almost half of which age group?

    30-50 years of age

  • 32

    From the following list, which is unlikely to cause an altered level of consciousness in a patient?

    chronic back pain

  • 33

    From the following list, which is unlikely to cause an altered level of consciousness in a patient?

    post traumatic stress disorder

  • 34

    From the following list, which is unlikely to cause an altered level of consciousness in a patient?

    chronic emphysema

  • 35

    A patient with type 1 diabetes has a deficiency of what?

    pancreas is unable to produce insulin

  • 36

    A patient with type 2 diabetes has a deficiency of what?

    pancreas produces a small amount of insulin, but inadequate to regulate blood sugar levels

  • 37

    A patient with Gestational diabetes is unable to do what?

    due to pregnancy, sugar levels can not be regulated

  • 38

    Hypoglycaemia is a term associate with what presentation?

    A blood sugar level of 0-3.0 mmols

  • 39

    Hypoglycaemia is unlikely to be caused by what of the following options?

    insufficient insulin in the body